It also suggests that the squatters were unprepared for the resistance they faced. [15]. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. I have seen somewhere that this version of the. From 1839, Angus McMillan tried on numerous occasions to reach Corner Inlet from the Monaro District and finally succeeded in February 1841 when he reached the tidal bank of the Albert River. His body was mutilated and stripped, and it was found the next day by an Aboriginal boy in his employment. [citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. A European convicted of cattle stealing in the Port Phillip District faced the penalty of transportation for fifteen years; in Van Diemens Land, it was for life.[24]. The Latrobe Catchment Landcare Network is hosting a screening of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. Historian Peter Gardner, in a review of all accounts of the massacre, wrote that MacMillan and the Highland Brigade aimed to wipe out all the Aboriginal people in the area. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. In July 1843, a man named Ronald Macalister was killed by Aboriginal men near Port Albert, on the coast of Victoria. 2 0 obj
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Thomas wrote in April 1845: He said he and another man had come unarmed from Gippsland. Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. Emotional articles in the Guardian in 2019 parroted the denunciation of McMillan, as did the Gippsland Times in June 2020. 2020, Cnr. Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa
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7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. An excellent and detailed correction of Gardner. McMillan is not implicated in any of the material cited as evidence against him. The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal? He also stated: There are many persons congregated in Alberton, without any visible means of earning a livelihood, a parcel of the most lawless rogues. <>
%PDF-1.3 new domain, Events.com. Convicts were present in the early years of settlement in Gippsland in two very different ways: first, as the slave labour of the squatters, and second, as escapees congregated around Alberton. Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. [48] Thomas (right) recorded a conversation with a man named Hatcher who Gardner believes was the brother-in-law of a Gippsland squatter named Buntine. On the 13th ultimo, Mr. Ronald McAlister was removing his sheep station about two miles from the settlement, when he was attacked by the blacks and murdered; his body was found the following day by a native in his employ. In Chapter 4, he gives another rendition of the Gippslander story, stating the massacre was lead [sic] by McMillan. Convicts were entitled to a daily ration of fresh meat, as were the military and the civilian authorities. Second, Gardners narrative is based on the assertion that the massacre and Angus McMillan are synonymous, but he has produced no evidence whatsoever to implicate McMillan. Their territory extended along the coast from Cape Liptrap in the west to Point Hicks in the east, and inland to the Great Dividing Range in the north. true /ColorSpace 25 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 26 0 R /BitsPerComponent Historical. This changed with the arrival of Tyers, who told La Trobe: The run-away Convicts, and other bad characters with which the District was infested a few months ago have, I believe been nearly all driven out by the system of surveillance pursued by the Border Police, acting under my instructions.[29]. 16 0 obj Bunjileene was a leader of the Gunaikurnai people and Purrine was the head of the Lowanjerri tribe of the Bunurong. The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. This documentary captures a story from Victoria, however there were similar stories as the waves of colonisation swept across the country. People need to feel that their voices and stories are heard and we need to listen with humility because theres not just emotional hurt there, but also terrible physical pain, Irving says. Your email address will not be published. Dunderdale states: Lachlan Macalister had a long experience in dealing with blackfellows and bushrangers; he had been a captain in the army and an officer of the border police. << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Warrigal Creek Massacre, a documentary exploring the history of colonisation in Gippsland in the 1800s, is screening at the [.] e8
m-T>6R'WrqPWUVe)0'Yn1UF]2|SOWS)^h|6xy. There exists little to no official documentation of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. <>
Gardner says this was almost certainly McMillan of Nuntin and that Dunderdale was mistaken as the person he was most likely referring to was McMillan of Bushy Park. An important part of Australian history, necessary for reconciliation. Create events for free. I welcome you all to (insert place name). While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. Gardner claimsincorrectlythat Thomas was aware of the circumstances of the Warrigal Creek massacre, as he had recorded the details of it on two separate occasions. McMillans employer, Captain Lachlan Macalister, described the squatters as legally authorised occupiers of Crown lands. 0000116911 00000 n
The culture of secrecy surrounding the massacres was evident in Willy Hoddinotts account (as an anonymous Gippslander) published in the Gap magazine more than 80 years later: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. Captain Charles Tyers RN arrived in Gippsland in January 1844 as the Commissioner for Crown Lands. 6az Q";cM;|?)/ Bg~VK7QVK_6 +K}\\&h"DmWK+^>Pnu"8H8@sF1jO-@g?XjGs=2]v'x9y[6p X
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&DvB )vBqKwbm%aM!._aiaekE)hc_9lujzR10IrR--6HWXSA[Wd{DS#~}wDvenr,rFU-}aOe(d}b This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. [25], Tyers noted that the Kurnai were geographically isolated from all of the neighbouring Aboriginal tribes, none of whom could understand their language, and From this circumstance, the Chief Protector [Robinson] on his visit to Gipps Land last year, was unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with them. The isolation from the other tribes meant that their fierce and predatory habits have received no check.[26]. Those who came in chains, those who fled famine, those who fled or survived genocide and war and its consequences. This announcement is all that I know, for a screening at Stratford,. endobj
It may be student work out of Swinburne. It is cited in the Australian Dictionary of Biography entry for McMillan, which is in turn cited on the Victorian Parliament website. They will be immediately recommended to interested users. 0000003570 00000 n
[16] The Port Phillip Gazette reported in April 1845: A report has been current that a whole tribe of blacks has been extirpated in the Gipps Land country, by the Western Port or Port Phillip blacks, led on by several of the Mounted Black Police; we understand that an investigation is now going on, and we may add it is one of the most extraordinary affairs we have yet heard about. They travelled with Edward Hobson, who was attempting to find an overland route to Gippsland. As Bell indicates the early 1840s certainly were . The Warrigal Creek Massacre is a 50-minute documentary, a passion project produced on a shoe-string budget, which looks unflinchingly at a horrifying episode of Victorian history - one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing of Indigenous Australians in the early colonies. The answer is in three parts. stream McMillan made the first export of livestock to Van Diemens Land in 1842 and the trade continued until 1868 when it was halted by a tariff war between Victoria and Tasmania. Gardner, Peter, 'The Warrigal Creek massacre', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, pp. %PDF-1.5
Robinsons comments are significant in that he was revealing that escaped convicts were responsible for mistreating the Kurnai. He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. 0000003620 00000 n
And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. Bass Coast South Gippsland Reconciliation Group members Marg Lynn and Florence Hydon say they have been left completely unsatisfied: Stage one was getting rid of McMillan, of course, but stage two was totally frustrating.. 0000015443 00000 n
To implicate McMillan, Gardner imputed words and meaning into this story that are simply not there, rendering his narrative both perplexing and questionable. 1 0 obj
Beyond this, the subject needs a complete reassessment and the instilling of some academic rigour. Gunaikurnai people continue to visit the land to pay their respects. To those who came by jet plane yesterday. a federal electorate was renamed that year. Balderstones daughter Alice Irving calls the site a powerful place. 5 0 obj The Warrigal Creek Massacre | About the film When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. Messrs. Pearson and Cunninghame have been the latest sufferers by those cannibals; it is not only the stock they kill we feel the loss of, but running the remainder off their runs, and the expense the proprietors are put to in collecting their cattle, and procuring guns and ammunition for everyone engaged in their employment.[22]. Presumably he had reasons for both, but he did not say why and he did not reveal the source of his information. The Van Diemens Land convict economy provided the economic motives for the European settlement of Gippsland, which in turn led to conflict with the Kurnai. This letter indicates that the Kurnai were still harrying the squatters the year after the massacre is believed to have occurredthere was conflict with the Kurnai before and after the murder of Macalister. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. This land was never ceded. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. The current awareness of the Warrigal Creek massacre stems largely from the writing of the self-published historian Peter Gardner, who contends that his work represents currently accepted history. The other forty-six convicts were employed on the squatting runs. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres south of Sale, and 200 kilometres east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. The newspapers and Charles Tyerss reports indicate that attacks by the Kurnai continued in 1844 and 1845; they did not end at Warrigal Creek in 1843. It is about the importance of truth- telling. He was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, who published an account of their journey, which is also well known. The men were easy prey for the Kurnai and by mid-1843, four had been murdered. Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. 0000115891 00000 n
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The Gippslander story consists of just over a page; within it there is a myriad of minor details that are contradicted by the contemporary newspaper reports. The other was a little older; he made his escape up the creek by swimming and diving. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. These passages represent the sum total of Gardners evidence against McMillan (left), but he does not explain how the story implicates McMillan. Events.com Browse is curated for you to find and attend events you love. Peter Gardner deserves recognition for highlighting the reality of conflict in early Gippsland. The official reports from Tyers to La Trobe from 1844 to 1845 thus describe the situation in Gippsland where the settlers were being attacked by the Kurnai and their stock was being killed. 0001003043 00000 n
Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. 0000885516 00000 n
The blacks were found encamped near a waterhole at Gammon Creek, and those who were shot were thrown into it, to the number, it was said, of about sixty, men, women, and children; but this was probably an exaggeration.[57]. Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. The murder of his nephew gave him both a professional and a family interest in chastising the criminals, and he soon organised a party to look for them. A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. This was the cause of great enmity among the surviving Bunurong. [44] The word colourful may have been more appropriate. Bells account is matter-of-fact and he did not name McMillan or any other person. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. The Commissariat let annual tenders for the supply of fresh meat and other staples. Chapters 6 and 7 of Gippsland Massacres retell the story. [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. 0000023940 00000 n
In a letter to his family in England dated April 1846, the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick said: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. The Chief Protector of Aborigines, George Augustus Robinson (right), noted that the settlers were not the only ones to suffer from the convicts: There is however reason to fear that before the arrival of the Commissioner a large amount of mischief had been inflicted upon the original Inhabitants by the lawless and depraved who had infested the port from Van Diemens Land and the Middle Districts [present-day New South Wales] and that the instance recorded (if reports be true) is not the only one in which the Blacks have suffered. Light refreshments will be available. [6=ViWy|4X$l`DvNk#F/W/kO>{Z_:/\ 'lrgQvFY+fGQ 4\y~QVG[\^aeiQ>mx2k |#R[?#5M. [12] The first reported attack on the squatters came in 1841 when, it was said, 600 Kurnai attacked Macalisters run. [52] There could not have been a cover-up if human remains were still visible after their arrivals. Use your same username and password to log in and you'll be To discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was in Gippsland before 1848. Fri., 27 May 20225:00 pm 8:30 pm AEST, Siteworks Workroom 233 Saxon StreetBrunswick, VIC 3056. stream To date, there is nothing to suggest that it will include Angus McMillan leading the Charge of the Highland Brigade. I learned a lot I had not previously known, and am still thinking about. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. Gardner is dismissive, claiming that Some parts of this account are definitely wrong on the basis that Dunderdale referred to Macalister of Nuntin. qgAHrgAX8]eAVi a"0Uc|sQ d$uIOrE&n2"c,%$qHFWpTWn>!bB):I\PhE17 The quote from Robinson is from Gardners book, Through Foreign Eyes; he says Robinson was incorrect to blame the convicts, because The hostile collisions that occurred following the murder of Macalister and others in Gippsland were carried out by the squatters and their employees.[31] This correction suggests that Gardner entirely overlooked the substance and significance of Robinsons observations. In July 1844 he wrote, I regret however to observe that the depredations of the Aborigines continue and that the small police force at my disposal is inadequate to put a stop to them. He went on to describe how the natives have been very troublesome, killing 90 head of cattle belonging to Mr Sparks, at various times, and many belonging to Mr Jones. Events.com Browse is curated to help you find and attend events you love. Thu It beggars belief that it was accepted as a completely reliable historical source. the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. Gardner cites other versions of the death of Macalister and the massacre to build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. Please try again. 0000117321 00000 n
Events.com has to offer. Ranald Macalister was the nephew of Lachlan Macalister and the fifth European to be murdered by the Kurnai. He was afterwards adopted by one of the party and called Bing Eye. bHn=Y,8M*[+GwXfi1^yn}vSuvA@pN. trailer
This account is much closer in time to what may have happened at Warrigal Creek but Bell did not reveal how he knew of the massacres. [1] Gardner, P. D. (1993) Gippsland Massacres (third edition) Ngarak Press, Ensay, Victoria, p. 66, [3] Howitt, A W (1880) The Kurnai: Their Customs in Peace and War in Fison, L. and Howitt, A W Kamilaroi and Kurnai Anthropological Publications, Oosterhout, facsimile edition, pp 227-29, [6] Morris, H. B. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. Bookings free, but essential. from From 1840, increased numbers of convicts were sent to Van Diemens Land after the cessation of transportation to New South Wales. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. [33] His work was cited widely in a motion to remove monuments to McMillan put before the Wellington Shire Council in June 2020. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. She worries Australia is still not ready to listen. The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. Home; News; Entertainment; Sport; Galleries; Competitions; . [30] Escapees living outside the law would therefore have posed a dire threat to the Kurnai. Bells account and the report of the massacre involving the Native Police in April 1845 can be found by simple searches on Trove. Stay updated on Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul. The validity of the will remains a problem. [2] Some historians assert that the number of 60 is an exaggeration, despite the witness accounts. The Author at Warrigal Creek 2016. Fawkner blamed them for most of the conflict between the Europeans and the Aborigines. 0000002733 00000 n
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>> Rather, his involvement is presented as a fait accompli. No reason was given for the murder. However, Thomas, Hatcher and Meyrick did not mention Warrigal Creek as Gardner claimsand they certainly did not mention McMillan. 0000033752 00000 n
But that creek, Warrigal, has seen unimaginable horrors. 2151 Just before European settlement, the Kurnai raided as far as Brighton and Arthurs Seat on Port Phillip Baya distance of at least 120 kilometres as the crow fliesand they are believed to have wiped out about half of the Bunurong. 0000001456 00000 n
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Because to move forward we must acknowledge our past. [11] The violent response from the Kurnai was the same as that meted out to their tribal enemies when defending their territory. [43] The fallacy of this secrecy argument is that it is contradicted by Gardners own evidence from William Thomas from 1845 and other versions of the massacre story that pre-date Gippslander by more than fifty years (see below). 148 0 obj
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They proposed a different name: Bunjileene-Purrine. Perhaps the most apt way to name these outrageous and brutal occurrences is that they be called after the man who organised and perpetrated them: Angus McMillan. 0000014051 00000 n
Gunaikurnai people have visited the land for years to pay their respects, giving Balderstone some understanding of the pain and intergenerational trauma they still experience. It really hadnt happened before and it just was not even acknowledged or recognised.. So far, this has been lacking. %%EOF
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