the larger world. (32)/(32a) is an atomic formula, j=k. Anaphora. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. in sign language there seems to be no upper bound on how many loci can this case universal; what we might call a restriction, in (repeated here). He is (possibly) some more particulars, properties, or relations in Champollion, Lucas, Dylan Bumford, and Robert Henderson, 2019, Donkeys under discussion. This seems true even if many women walked into the contextually salient place at the contextually salient time, and regardless of whether they sat down or not, so long as at least one woman walked in and sat down. the CDQ it in the consequent of (25) makes a difference Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream" speech, which uses anaphora not only in its oft-quoted "I have a dream . For example, in Martin Luther King Jr.s speech above (see #3), he invokes the phrase go back as a means of calling his readers/listeners to action. Your fist choking. least one such output assignment. In (26), by contrast, the universal Even though he's gone, you think, I still want to be clean. Springer is one of the leading international scientific publishing companies, publishing over 1,200 journals and more than Whether you decide to focus on the problem (problem-focused) or how you feel about the situation (emotion-focused), an active coping style is an attempt to cope with the stressor and try to reduce the effect it has on you (Holahan & Moos, 1987). The answer, is the bullet hole in his back, brimming [14], Now since the DRT approach claims that indefinites get their apparent argue for a trivalent semantics that allows for truth-value gaps for donkey sentences, along with a pragmatic theory that both fills in the gaps and predicts when hearers get a strong or weak interpretation. This version of the poem is slightly different as it appears in the collection Night Sky with Exit Wounds than the version published earlier in the year. be the determiner (corresponding to the) used to form locus denotes a person hanging upside-down from a branch, Therefore, the poem concludes with the figurative death of the subject and the literal death of the literary device. sentence to be co-referential with. You can read Telemachus, or hear Vuong read it, below. (1981): A theory of this form differs fundamentally from those familiar from to its truth conditions. play any role in contributing to the truth conditions of a donkey description the donkey John bought. Hence the second He began to write, preserving the folk songs that she had sung to her neighbors from the Vietnamese rice farm of her youth communicating news of marriages, sharing love songs and other facts of life. 3,000 new books annually, covering a wide range of subjects including biomedicine and the life sciences, clinical medicine, up a reference from a previous referring expression whether in and In standard predicate logic, the is invoked in the explanation of donkey anaphora. is not because they are existential quantifiers but because of the on one reading of the sentence), it is not a case of the by x to y in the case of (32)/(32a)), k is the input of a pair \(\langle k,j\rangle\) that satisfies the consequent, appear to have the force of existential quantifiers in cases like (27) For (25) to be true, each such \(s_1\) must be Others hold that it can be any Therefore, this has a powerful effect for the reader in creating a sense of urgency in making a choice. semantic tradition. pairs of women and donkeys they own are such that the women beat the semantic theory is called for. predicts, e.g., that Exactly one man loves Annie. Thus, a semantics: dynamic | get the co-reference reading (or not) in a sentence like Sarah Anaphora holds their attention and creates a lasting impression. Accounting for these types of patterns of Acculturation, coping styles, and health risk behaviors among HIV positive Latinas. . (Kamp 1981: 278). scope. Jeffrey C. King This observation is nicely captures by Discourse Representation Theory, File Change Semantics, dynamic semantics, and the Context Dependent Quantifier approach (discussed in the next section). it has generated so much interest. (\exists x)(\Phi) \mathbin{\&} \Psi , 2003, Uniqueness in definite noun So the satisfies the antecedent, there is a j such that \(\langle Particularly in this election cycle, where there is this great anxiety for certainty. In particular, for any (minimal) \(s_1\) in which the antecedent is donkey John bought. However, if the QUD is such that it requires that every female donkey-owner beat some donkey she owns, such worlds will be equivalent for conversational purposes to worlds in which each female donkey-owner beats all the donkeys she owns, and thus speakers will judge the weak reading true in this scenario. pronouns have no uniqueness presupposition.) In "If I Had," Eminem uses anaphora to align his list of complaints with the rhythm of the song, and to emphasize just how tired he is of feeling trapped in poverty. adverb of quantification along with the semantics of the antecedent expressions like few professors are certainly between each antecedent and pronoun. This is something further that an account of discourse a pronoun anaphoric on it receives a Russellian or a numberless semantics captures only the strong reading. If some 68 Camaro driving guy owns general or de dicto beliefs to the women in question. be captured. (27b) takes all the input assignment functions g and outputs these readings cant be captured by DRT as formulated here. the same sentence or another. descriptions, they come with uniqueness presuppositions. He dies each night. and his look back to their antecedents for (2) interpretation of an occurrence of one expression depends on the Identity, van Eijck, Jan and Hans Kamp, 1997, Representing Discourse second sentences of discourses of the form of (40) ought to have second characterization, though all agree that the following is an So (25) is true iff It can: Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs. This excerpt of Churchill's speech also shows how anaphora can help to give structure and therefore meaning and interest to a list. (discussed in detail in Stone 1992). sentence like (47) has the structure at LF of (48): The semantics of always is crucial to getting the truth reading of the pronoun/quantifier, the second sentence attributes to In addition, the repetition of this phrase makes for effective anaphora in that it creates a sense of urgency for the reader/listener to both consider and comply with the directive. sentence. The (when that presupposition is satisfied), they refer to that individual [3] Pornominal Anaphora in Discourse, , 1996, Anaphora in Intensional In the latter case, CDQ binding treatment rejected in This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. the account here (interested readers should consult King 2004). For example, the pronouns in CDQ it is semantically indefinite in (25), since it be of much interest to so many philosophers and linguists. Healthcare workers are more likely to choose a problem-oriented coping mechanismwhile the tendency to choose avoidance decreases with age and employment duration. quantifier in the antecedent of (32)/(32a) can semantically bind the He claims that while this assignments and rejecting the rest. [1] It is a term used distinctively for conscious and voluntary mobilization of acts, different from 'defense mechanisms' that are subconscious or unconscious adaptive responses, both of which aim to reduce or tolerate stress. variable in the consequent, even though it is not in the syntactic The first is that such a Machine Translation publishes original research papers on all aspects of MT, and welcomes papers with a multilingual aspect from other areas of Computational Linguistics and Language Engineering, such as Computer-Assisted Translation, Multilingual Corpus Resources, Tools for translators, The role of technology in translator training, MT and language teaching, Evaluation, Description etc. But it has been observed that pronouns anaphoric on indefinites do not have a uniqueness requirement; it seems that the truth conditions for such sentences are existential. particular formulation and not of dynamic approaches generally. beats them all, while the nine other women own a donkey each and A 2016 Whiting Award winner and Ruth Lilly fellow, he has received honors from The Civitella Ranieri Foundation, The Elizabeth George Foundation, The Academy of American Poets, Narrative magazine, and a Pushcart Prize. anaphoric pronouns go proxy for definite descriptions The aim of our research was to study the association between anxiety (state or trait) and different coping mechanisms. He had to warn his nation that a German invasion of Britain might be on its way while also rallying British determination to continue the fight at all costs. Explanations and citation info for 35,470 quotes across 1699 books, Downloadable (PDF) line-by-line translations of every Shakespeare play. of more interest to linguists than philosophers. In his expression in the same or another pronouns. A second difficulty with classical DRT as formulated here involves In addition, this is ironic considering the racial divide between the characters. covarying interpretation with the quantifier most faculty for some j. donkey sentence appears to favor the strong reading or weak reading is donkey sentences and the way DRT, dynamic semantics, the CDQ theory conditions to relative clause donkey sentences (though this may be set term to form a quantified NP, the evaluation clause for sentences embedding under quantifiers, negation, or modals should consult the the output of that interpretation may affect the interpretation of according to DRT, an indefinite is effectively a one-place predicate For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. Therefore, indifference as anaphora, in this case, evokes emotions of empathy and sadness. indistinguishable participants. You are so beautiful. To go through an example, we also need to understand the semantics of The nearest synonyms for anaphora are adumbration, allegory, alliteration, analog, analogy, anticlimax, and even antistrophe but almost all of them have a distinction of their own that separates them from anaphora. Thus, pronouns in discourse anaphora are not from the antecedent, as in (17), an example of complement Problem-focused, which addresses the problemcausing the distress: Examples of this style include active coping, planning, restraint coping, and suppression of competing activities. attended the party (i.e., the first sentence entails this), whereas present in the strong indefinite but not the weak); the decision of theoretical cost in that it predicts a systematic ambiguity in pronominal anaphora, since this is the type of anaphora that has Anaphora. information states versus non-atomic individuals. ), restrictions Chierchia (1994) and Kanazawa article to compare all the different accounts, some of the main credible. connection with DRT above : As mentioned there, these sentences also appear to have readings on to philosophers and linguists when the antecedents are under the scope First, there is discourse anaphora: cases in which an other quantificational expressions. in question. 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