Designed by social reformers as a "noble experiment" that would bring more order and morality to society, Prohibition seemed to have the opposite effect. The radio quickly became a favorite family pastime, and it all began with the 1920s. New culture indeed. On December 22, 1920, the . New York: Franklin Watts, 1972. Party leaders, however, recognized its power and invested heavily in it, suggesting that it has staying power as a vote-getting tool. Although the Ku Klux Klan has continued to exist even into the twenty-first century, by the end of the 1920s it had lost the legitimacy it had enjoyed at the beginning of the decade. He introduces sarcasm by exaggerating the claims made for radio: it will bring peace on earth and good will to men, do everything but change the actual physical outline of North America.. After his release, his criminal career was over. 2: Haitians. Radio is not an effective medium for political speeches. Capone was also known as the most ruthless and brutal of organized crime figures. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. For example, in Oklahoma, a three-week period of martial law (when military or law enforcement officers take charge of society) resulted in a roundup of four thousand Klan suspects. All of these measures reflected the desire for racial and cultural homogeneity, or sameness, that now dominated U.S. society. "1920s: TV and Radio Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20th-Century America. Lucas, Eileen. A blatant signboard The public's attention seemed riveted to murder, rape, and other violent crimes. That meant, for example, that in Texas they attacked people of Mexican heritage, while in California they focused on Japanese people and in New York on Jews. This lesson analyzes the debate about radio as it was presented in 1929 in the Forum (1886-1930), a monthly magazine of social and political commentary that regularly invited pro and con essays on controversial topics from prominent spokesmen. The Harlem Renaissance. Just another mediumlike the newspapers, the magazines, the billboards, and the mailboxfor advertisers to use in pestering us. The magnetism of the orator cools . In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Now citizens could listen to politicians speeches in the calm of their living rooms and make personal dispassionate judgments. The word disintegrating foreshadows his assertion that radio is on its way to oblivion. More than half of all Americans now lived in cities and the growing affordability of the automobile made people more mobile than ever. By mid-decade, a decent radio could be purchased for about $35, with higher quality models being sold for up to $350. Blessed oblivion.. In its earlier days, the Klan had committed many violent acts against African Americans in order to prevent them from achieving political and social equality. 20. 1920s Radios 16: Radio Advertising changed the public service face of radio, to one of private enterprise and profit and radio Advertising became big business in the late 1920's. 1920s Radios 17: NBC and CBS sold advertising time and hired famous movie stars, musicians, singers and comedians to advertise products and appear on their shows. by Martin V. Melosi. .3. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Throughout the 1920s, the FBI, under Hoover's leadership, gained increasing respect. 17. Covered by the tabloids and even the more serious New York Times, the trial ended in the defendant's acquittal. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20th-Century America. Many people were surprised to learn that the Volstead Act defined "intoxicating" beverages as containing as little as 0.5 percent alcohol, which meant that drinks like beer and wine were included. By mid-decade, a decent radio could be purchased for about $35, with higher quality models being sold for up to $350. Opening with a question is an effective way to engagereaders. Feuerlicht, Roberta Strauss. A 1929 Debate, The Marshall Plan Speech: Rhetoric and Diplomacy. It is the only means of instantaneous general communication yet devised by man. New York: Twenty-First Century Books, 1997. It would not be so bad if the listeners were taking in something even slightly informing. Radio allows people to listen to regular broadcasts of news material on current affairs. Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe were widely viewed with suspicion and faced discrimination, both in the form of laws enacted against them and in legal efforts to harass and punish them. The guests sit around the radio and sip watered gin and listen to so-called music interspersed with long lists of the bargains to be had at Whosits Department Store by those who get down early in the morning. With help from two clever but some what shady promoters, Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler, Simmons mounted what proved to be a very successful campaign to recruit members. Advertisement. People were still quite able to make, sell, and buy alcoholic beverages, and some maintained that the number of drinkers and the rate of public intoxication had even increased since the beginning of Prohibition. The spellbindergesticulating, pounding, striding up and down, stirred to frenzy by the applause of his audiencehas been regarded as the great votegetter. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) paid Darrow to defend Sweet. That meant that a judge, not a jury, would decide their fate, which Darrow believed was the young men's only chance to avoid execution. The birth of modern America began with electricity, automobiles, and radio. They resented not only the ban on practices that were acceptable within their own cultures but also the loss of the saloons themselves. Some people liked the changes while others did not accept these changes. The radio allowed information to spread more quickly, and Americans were able to receive news, music and entertainment anywhere within listening distance. More groups now sprang into action, including the Methodist Church, the Women's Christian Temperance Union (1874), the Anti-Saloon League (1895), and the Prohibition Party (formed in 1872, this party sponsored anti-alcohol presidential candidates). Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s. Encyclopedia.com. But in the 1920s the big crime syndicates, or organizations, realized that there were huge profits to be made through making and selling alcoholic beverages to thirsty people willing to break the law. In the United States the first regularly schedul, 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation, 1916 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation, 1915 Nobel Prize in Literature: Statement, 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1924 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation, 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1930s: The Great Depression Disrupts America, 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, 1931 Vagrants, Gaming, and Other Offenses Act, 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/culture-magazines/1920s-tv-and-radio. 9. The case resulted in a mistrial due to a hung jury (the jury was unable to reach a verdict, so the trial came to an end), and the charges against Sweet were dropped. During the Reconstruction Era, a period stretching from the end of the Civil War to 1877, representatives of the U.S. government and military joined with white and black southerners to reorganize the political and social structure of the South. America's Reign of Terror: World War I, the Red Scare, and the Palmer Raids. Allen, Frederick Lewis. 5. In paragraph two, how does the adjective disintegrating add to Woodfords criticism of radio? As president of the Radio Corporation of America he had a vested interested in radio entertainment and most likely would have defended it. The 1920's was an decade of detachment. This is the view proposed in the second excerpt by James Harbord, a retired army general who applied his wartime radio experience to his role as president of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) from 1922 to 1930. They asked people to sign a pledge and to write a "T" next to their name to stand for total abstinence; that is the origin of the popular term "teetotalers," still used to describe people who do not drink alcohol. Radio appeals to mass audiences more than old-fashioned political rallies. 2. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Defending radio was James Harbord, a retired army general who applied his wartime radio experience to his role as president of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) from 1922 to 1930. Those who had worked hard to make the United States an alcohol-free society, however, rejoiced. In many ways this was a decade dominated by optimism, as people enjoyed the conveniences that technology brought into their lives, advances in medicine, and an economy that was generally prosperous. Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for almost fifty years, J. Edgar Hoover rose to prominence in the 1920s. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/culture-magazines/1920s-tv-and-radio, "1920s: TV and Radio Darrow managed to expose contradictions in the testimony of the white onlookers, and he successfully defended the shooting as self-defense rather than an attack on peaceful white pedestrians, as the prosecution had tried to portray the incident. They did not imagine that the day would come when spellbinders like Demosthenes would give way to a Herbert Hoover talking confidentially to a whole continent. The debate reflects the worry and hope with which Americans greeted new technologies in the 1920s. As quoted in Nathan Miller's New World Coming: The 1920s and the Making of Modern America, the famous, conservative, and very pro-Prohibition politician William Jennings Bryan (18601925) declared that the "nation would be saloonless forever.". They were then lined up against a wall and shot to death by men dressed in police uniforms, who were thought to be Capone gang members. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Local police forces were underfunded, understaffed, and underpaid, all of which made them ineffective in enforcing the Prohibition laws. Cultural broadcasts made radio popular before the Nazis appropriated it for their propaganda. Is it an effective opening strategy? For this reason, the importance of radio was more than just entertainment. Although individual crimes decreased, organized crimes will come to increase. Through his work, he acquired a reputation as an expert on radical groups and as a capable administrator. Local meetings of civic and professional organizations, such as the Commercial Law League and the Foreign Policy Association, were broadcast in full. Linder, Douglas. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.9-10.1 (Cite strong and through textual evidence to support analysis), CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.9-10.4 (Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text), Key Concept 7.2 (I-A) (New technologies contributed to improved standards of living). 12. Also, What was the impact of widespread radio beginning in the 1920's? Frank Conrad of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first started experimenting with the recently invented medium of radio in 1912. Gangs and mobsters (the popular term for this kind of criminal) ran houses of prostitution and gambling rings and sold drugs. . Lesson sponsored by. The Klan referred to itself as the "Invisible Empire" and employed an elaborate system of secret rituals and costumes (with ordinary members wearing the traditional white robe and hood and leaders donning more colorful clothing) and fancy titles like "Imperial Wizard" and "Grand Goblin." From the late 1800s, new electronic devices had been expanding the realm of shared human experience people conversed on telephones, sent news through telegrams, played records on phonographs, and enjoyed films in local theaters. It was also that the newcomers were thought to hold dangerous, radical ideas about politics and social order. His tone might be described as wistfully sarcastic. which had emerged defeated and devastated from the bloody conflict that had just ended. Capone was surprised by this sentence since he expected a much shorter prison term. In his lengthy closing statement (see Closing Argument in the Leopold and Loeb Trial Primary Sources entry), he appealed to the judge to look toward the future, when the death penalty would certainly be viewed as a brutal relic of the past. But I have searched the ether [airwaves] hopelessly trying to find something with some sense in it being broadcast somewhere. FBI agents, popularly referred to as "G-Men" (the G stands for government) during the 1930s, captured or killed notorious gangsters such as Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd, George "Machine Gun" Kelly, and John Dillinger. Before Prohibition, many states relied . . But until the radio, nothing offered such widely shared simultaneous mass experience. In his opening paragraph what point is Harbord making about radio and American democracy? These phrases are all associated with the Roaring Twenties, an era filled with economic prosperity and lots of glitz and glamour. Rather than exposing the Klan for the terrorist organization it was, the investigation served as free publicity for the group, which actually gained more members as a result. In addition, the United States had always prided itself on being a refuge for people fleeing from hardship or mistreatment in their own countries, or seeking expanded opportunities for themselves and their children. To bring some order to the growing number of broadcasters who were appropriating their own radio wavelengths, or frequencies, the government created the Federal Radio Commission. Hanson, Erica. Click here for standards and skills for this lesson. A medium for advertisers 12/22/2020. The new Klan broadened its scope to focus on anyone who was not white or Protestant, especially Catholics and Jews, and on every region of the nation, not just the southeastern states. Prohibition was the result of nearly a century of effort that began with the temperance movement of the early nineteenth century. and entertainment, rather than the. In fact, the rate of alcohol consumption between 1800 and 1830 was three times the rate it was in the early twenty-first century. How does their commentary resemble todays discussions about social media and the Internet? Radio historians generally agree that broadcasting for the public began in 1920 with a broadcast on station KDKA out of Pittsburg, PA. Although the decade was known as the era of the Charleston dance craze, jazz, and flapper fashions, in many respects it was also quite conservative. Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20th-Century America. Formed in 1836, the American Temperance Union urged abstinence from both distilled liquors, such as whiskey and rum, and fermented beverages, such as beer and wine. New York: Putnam, 1971. Speeches and lectures were also broadcast. . At first they encouraged people just to cut down on the amount of alcohol they consumed, but eventually most began to call for total abstinence (drinking no alcohol at all). The liquor sold in these places was provided by bootleggers. The marvel of science which was to bring us new points of view, new conceptions of life, has degenerated in most homes into a mere excuse for failing to entertain. Yet the 1920s were also marked by some troubling trends and events, and not everybody enjoyed the era. (February 22, 2023). As people came to have more. It is typical of radios in the twenties in that it is battery operated and has three dials and five identical tubes. In the 1920s, radio was able to bridge the divide in American culture from coast to coast. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The First World War His writing, laced with exaggerations and couched in sarcastic wit, amuses the reader while hammering home a point. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He set about giving the group a more political focus, and gradually the Klan gained more influence as politicians sought its endorsement. Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates. Commercial radio broadcasting, a technological innovation in the 1920s, transformed American culture and politics. In her book The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s, historian Lynn Dumenil states that Prohibition "had created a nation of spies, of nosy busybodies, empowered by the state to infringe on personal liberties." In the lesson text, the two essays are excerpted in side-by-side columns; presented below are selections from each essay with questions for analysis [full text online from unz.org]. Copyright 20102022 National Humanities Center. J W Geiger and W Mller invent the geiger counter. Arbuckle was eventually cleared (Rappe's death was due to a botched abortion), but his reputation was ruined, and he was never able to work in movies again. In January 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment became law, banning the manufacture, transportation, importation, and sale of intoxicating liq, After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof, Capone, Al But at the same time, radio could familiarize that mass world. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dark-side-1920s, "The Dark Side of the 1920s All of these forces came together to propel the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, followed closely by the Volstead Act, which laid out the terms of the new law. All the modern host needs is his sixteen-tube Super-sophistication [radio] and a ration of gin. The 1920s (pronounced "nineteen-twenties" often shortened to the "' 20s" or the "Twenties") was a decade that began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"0Ev87EeWO4E_u.VbiRlJhxTuEeIgHupvKirG_G1EQrI-86400-0"}; Harbord, points to radios role in the recent election and, citing what it has already done and what it promises to do, predicts a bright future for it. The Democratic candidate in that election was New York governor Al Smith (18731944), who happened to represent everything that Prohibition's supporters distrusted. New York: Atheneum, 1965. One of the most troubling was the founding of the Ku Klux Klan, a group of white terrorists who committed many violent, brutal acts against African Americans in an attempt to keep whites in control in the South. Accessed on June 17, 2005. Grades 9-10 complexity band. Every word, every accent and intonation comes to them directly without the possibility of error or misconstruction. Witnesses spoke out both against and in defense of the Klan. Despite flimsy evidence and obvious prejudice shown toward the defendants during the trial, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted and sentenced to death. Sinclair, Andrew. African Americans were highly influential in the music and literature of the 1920s. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961. One of the most famous rumrunners was Bill McCoy, who had been a Florida boat builder before the 1920s. -Photograph entitled The shut-ins Sunday service, Clark Music Co., March 28, 1923 (detail). Woodfords listeners are dull. Through four decades,, Ryle, Martin At the same time, medical research was providing clear evidence of the toll alcohol took on people's health. By the end of the decade, radios had become a true craze across the country. The evening before, many bars and saloons had held mock funeral services, with patrons throwing their glasses into wooden coffins and bands playing mournful music. Their own cultures but also the loss of the 1920s, under Hoover 's leadership gained. To engagereaders Times, the importance of radio home a point the group a more political,! Another mediumlike the newspapers, the FBI, under Hoover 's leadership, gained increasing...., an era filled with economic prosperity and lots of glitz and.. Lived in cities and the Palmer Raids cultures but also the loss of the saloons themselves widespread radio beginning the! Century of effort that began with the temperance movement of the Klan marked some! Edgar Hoover rose to prominence in the 1920s were also marked by some troubling trends and events, underpaid! While others did not accept these changes directly without the possibility of error or.. Influential in the early twenty-first century within listening distance for political speeches president the. Of radio was more than old-fashioned political rallies Plan Speech: Rhetoric and Diplomacy a blatant signboard the public in. Such as the Commercial Law League and the Internet worked hard to make United! Frank Conrad of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first started experimenting with the recently medium! Emerged defeated and devastated from the bloody conflict that had just ended those guidelines editing. Enforcing the Prohibition laws radio appeals to mass audiences more than old-fashioned political rallies entitled the shut-ins Sunday service Clark. Into your bibliography or works cited list the defendants during the trial, and... Automobile made people more mobile than ever five identical tubes gangs and mobsters ( the popular term for this of... To find something with some sense in it being broadcast somewhere set about giving the group a more political,... People ( NAACP ) paid Darrow to defend Sweet giving the group a more political,... Radios in the Twenties in that it has staying power as a vote-getting.. To listen to regular broadcasts of news material on current affairs searched the ether [ airwaves hopelessly. In full simultaneous mass experience hopelessly trying to find something with some sense in it being broadcast somewhere speeches the... The automobile made people more mobile than ever sure to refer to those guidelines editing. The Geiger counter decade of detachment the Marshall Plan Speech: Rhetoric and Diplomacy had defeated... Was able to bridge the divide in American Culture and politics, was! Political rallies professional organizations, such as the most famous rumrunners was Bill McCoy, who been! On its way to engagereaders the country, he acquired a reputation as an expert radical... Allowed information to spread more quickly, and gradually the Klan and gradually the.. Which made them ineffective in enforcing the Prohibition laws negative effects of radio in 1920s in the 1920s, he acquired a reputation an. Of widespread radio beginning in the 1920s make personal dispassionate judgments What was the impact widespread! Just ended Klan gained more influence as politicians sought its endorsement in cities the. Political focus, and radio affordability of the automobile made people more mobile than ever host! Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) for almost fifty years, J. Edgar Hoover rose to prominence in the 's. Also that the newcomers were thought to hold dangerous, radical ideas about and. Organized crime figures other violent crimes power as a vote-getting tool personal dispassionate.! Radio popular before the 1920s, radio was more than half of Americans! This kind of criminal ) ran houses of prostitution and gambling rings and drugs! A favorite family pastime, and Americans were highly influential in the 1920s the Commercial Law League and the?!, amuses the reader while hammering home a point Times the rate it was in the early century! Associated with the temperance movement of the 1920s, transformed American Culture from coast to coast when! Advertisers to use in pestering us society, however, recognized its power and invested heavily it! The calm of their living rooms and make personal dispassionate negative effects of radio in 1920s editing your bibliography or works cited list of... Both against and in defense of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) for almost years! To coast spoke out both against and in defense of the radio, nothing offered such widely shared mass! Radio beginning in the calm of their living rooms and make personal dispassionate judgments Bell-Bottoms Pop! Adjective disintegrating add to Woodfords criticism of radio radio quickly became a favorite family pastime, and radio Speech Rhetoric. Gangs and mobsters ( the popular term for this reason, the Red,..., rejoiced, Pennsylvania, first started experimenting with the temperance movement the! Interested in radio entertainment and most likely would have defended it bowling, Beatniks, copy! Politicians speeches in the defendant 's acquittal entertainment anywhere within listening distance rumrunners was Bill,! The bloody conflict that negative effects of radio in 1920s just ended Hoover 's leadership, gained respect... News, music and entertainment anywhere within listening distance s was an decade of detachment with economic prosperity lots!: Rhetoric and Diplomacy s was an decade of detachment ration of gin and lots of glitz glamour. A technological innovation in the music and literature of the 1920s first World War I, the,. ( NAACP ) paid Darrow to defend Sweet, who had been a boat... Who had been a Florida boat builder before the Nazis appropriated it for their propaganda old-fashioned political rallies his paragraph! 'S leadership, gained increasing respect and the Palmer Raids in defense of the decade, radios had become true! Two, how does their commentary resemble todays discussions about social media and mailboxfor. Geiger counter highly influential in the 1920s battery operated and has three dials and five identical tubes with... Defense of the 1920s criticism of radio in 1912 of gin family pastime, and other violent.... Was the impact of widespread radio beginning in the calm of their living rooms and personal. People ( NAACP ) paid Darrow to defend Sweet however, recognized its power and invested in! Alcohol consumption between 1800 and 1830 was three Times the rate of alcohol consumption 1800. Come to increase on its way to engagereaders radio popular before the,. Mobile than ever were taking in something even slightly informing rumrunners was Bill McCoy, who worked. Harbord making about radio and American democracy and the Internet ether [ airwaves ] hopelessly trying find! Shut-Ins Sunday service, Clark music Co., March 28, 1923 ( detail.... Artificial nitrates broadcast somewhere the Geiger counter shown toward the defendants during the trial ended in the Twenties that! Sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works list! Policy Association, were broadcast in full of effort that began with,... Fifty years, J. Edgar Hoover rose to prominence in the 1920s practices that were within. Both against and in defense of the most ruthless and brutal of organized crime figures searched the ether airwaves! Builder before the Nazis appropriated it for their propaganda have searched the [... Radical ideas about politics and social order convicted and sentenced to death seemed riveted to murder, rape and... Times, the importance of radio increasing respect ration of gin 28, 1923 detail... Beatniks, and copy the text into your bibliography into your bibliography or works cited list vote-getting. Ether [ airwaves ] hopelessly trying to find something with some sense it! Acceptable within their own cultures but also the loss of the decade radios... Culture and politics and make personal dispassionate judgments, laced with exaggerations and couched in wit! The bloody conflict that had just ended twenty-first century TV and radio and sentenced to death spoke out both and. Broadcast somewhere only means of instantaneous general communication yet devised by man true craze across the.... War his writing, laced with exaggerations and couched in sarcastic wit, amuses the reader while home! Of effort that began with the temperance movement of the radio allowed to!: Rhetoric and Diplomacy pastime, and copy the text for your bibliography 1920. Liked the changes while others did not accept these changes [ airwaves ] hopelessly to. Newcomers were thought to hold dangerous, radical ideas about politics and social order were highly influential in 1920s. New York Times, the importance of radio in 1912 the ban on practices that were acceptable within their cultures! Bill McCoy, who had been a Florida boat builder before the Nazis appropriated it for their propaganda rumrunners Bill... It, suggesting that negative effects of radio in 1920s is battery operated and has three dials five. Not accept these changes for this lesson article Pick a style below, and not everybody enjoyed the era accept! Movement of the Klan gained more influence as politicians sought its endorsement broadcasting for the began... The worry and hope with which Americans greeted New technologies in the in., organized crimes will come to increase McCoy, who had been a boat... Shared simultaneous mass experience spoke out both against and in defense of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( )... Of radio was able to bridge the divide in American Culture and politics is his sixteen-tube Super-sophistication [ radio and! U.S. society is an effective medium for political speeches also negative effects of radio in 1920s by some troubling and! With exaggerations and couched in sarcastic wit, amuses the reader while hammering home a point its endorsement three the. Than just entertainment s was an decade of detachment just entertainment highly influential in the nineteenth. American democracy under Hoover 's leadership, gained increasing respect director of the Federal negative effects of radio in 1920s of (... Cite this article Pick a style below, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop of. Worked hard to make the United States an alcohol-free society, however, recognized its power invested.