Despite Maximus being a fictional character, the athlete Narcissus is one of the multiple historical figures serving as the likely inspiration for Gladiator's protagonist. 180-192 AD. Joaquin Phoenix's character is bad news, but he doesn't quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as his real-life counterpart. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. After the murder of the powerful Saoterus, Perennis easily took over the reins of government and Commodus found a new chamberlain and favourite in Cleander, a Phrygian freedman who had married one of the emperor's mistresses, Demostratia. The latter is what has made the movie timeless. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. Commodus butchered dozens of animals in single appearances at the Colosseum on other occasions. Commodus was a spoiled, narcissistic young man who was something of an embarrassment to his father. [6][7] The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius's sole surviving son. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? This biographical article related to crime is a stub. Later that year he adopted as his full style Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus Herculeus Romanus Exsuperatorius Amazonius Invictus Felix Pius (the order of some of these titles varies in the sources). Perhaps seeing this as an opportunity, early in 192 Commodus, declaring himself the new Romulus, ritually re-founded Rome, renaming the city Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana. Aurelius pushed for Commodus to be a leader from a very young age. [17] He subsequently married Bruttia Crispina before accompanying his father to the Danubian front once more in 178. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of, Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p.99 and. The last Emperor and his mother were the final straw that finally broke the Empire, leaving the Eastern half of the Empire to continue almost another 1000 years until 1453 (although it reverted to Greek and became known as Byzantium thanks to Christianity). As a result, Commodus appeared even more rarely in public, preferring to live on his estates. Striking story! 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Quadratus and Quintianus were executed. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. Gladiator is somewhat historically accurate in its final scenes, as Commodus did perform as a gladiator. Record 10 significant and detailed observations about Rome that you noticed while watching the video. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. The powerful ending of "Gladiator" makes it one of those movies guaranteed to make anyone cry, but it's also oddly satisfying. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and. Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 March 180, leaving the 18-year-old Commodus as sole emperor.[18]. But shortly after dispatching the megalomaniacal emperor, Maximus succumbs to his own injuries and dies in the blood and sand of the ring although not without making sure his fellow gladiators are freed first. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. Heinz, W. (1986). Salvius and Paternus were executed along with a number of other prominent consulars and senators. Indeed, director Ridley Scott's vision of Maximus slowly walking toward his family through the fields of their farm as he's dying is one of the most moving moments in movie history. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. Despite the unfair circumstances, Maximus is victorious, killing Commodus with the very blade the emperor had concealed. Marcus Aurelius. Soon after he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. It is of particular interest that Aurelius craved succession by one of his sons so much because there hadnt been an emperor who had been succeeded by his own son since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Empero This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. Contrary to the plot of Gladiator where Emperor Commodus is portrayed as having killed Marcus Aurelius the two ruled together, from 177 until the latters death in 180. The second, the freeman Cleander, he allowed to be torn apart by a mob who were outraged at the freemans abuses. The Syrian-born gladiator, who rose to fame under the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117 to 138 A.D.), is best known for the length of his career, and for being awarded his freedom four times . They bungled the job and were seized by the emperor's bodyguard. Only a famous death will do. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. Cleander proceeded to concentrate power in his own hands and to enrich himself by becoming responsible for all public offices: he sold and bestowed entry to the Senate, army commands, governorships, and increasingly, even the suffect consulships to the highest bidder. The final fight of Ridley Scott's Gladiator is relatively short, but it works very well for the movie's somewhat historically accurate story. One of the two praetorian prefects, Publius Tarrutenius Paternus, had actually been involved in the conspiracy but his involvement was not discovered until later on, and in the aftermath, he and his colleague, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, were able to arrange for the murder of Saoterus, the hated chamberlain. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. Commodus received extensive tutoring by a multitude of teachers with a focus on intellectual education. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. The Five Good Emperors, ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed a rational freedom.. Commodus' famous gesture, which he gives when deciding the fate of defeated gladiators The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? From 180 to his death in 192, Commodus was the only emperor.. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. Cassius, however, was killed by one of his centurions before the campaign against him could begin. Ser. Classic Villain: Commodus, representing Ambition and Envy. Gladiator is a 2000 epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson.The film was co-produced and released by DreamWorks Pictures and Universal Pictures.DreamWorks Pictures distributed the film in North America while Universal Pictures released it internationally through United International Pictures. We will never see the like of the Roman Empire ever again. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. The first crisis of the reign came in 182, when Lucilla engineered a conspiracy against her brother. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. The pivotal 2000 historical drama follows the betrayed general, Maximus, on a quest for revenge against Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the usurper emperor of Rome, who murdered his wife and son. Commodus : The general who became a slave. At the urging of his mistress Marcia, Commodus had Cleander beheaded and his son killed. ", Roman coins featuring Commodus. A gladiator, a god to his people, and eventually the man behind the collapse of over 80 years of Roman peace, Commodus was anything but one strict thing. The consensus was that it was below his office to participate as a gladiator. After repeated attempts on Commodus's life, Roman citizens were often killed for making him angry. His death in history marks the end of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty; in the movie, his death marks the retributive end of Maximus Gladiator story. The benevolent emperor Claudius, who improved Rome with public works, was followed by his stepson Nero, who some say burned Rome to the ground. Commodus Takes The Throne In this scene from Gladiator, Commodus (played by Joaquin Phoenix) murders his father to seize the throne for himself. Under Commodus, Rome had descended from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Much like Nero had supposedly fiddled while Rome burned, Commodus enjoyed himself as the city decayed around him. First, she attempted to kill him by poisoning his food. From all angles, Commodus was groomed to succeed on the throne. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him[1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub[1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed.[3]. Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. Narcissus (born 2nd century A.D.) was a Roman athlete,[1][2] likely a wrestler,[3] from the 2nd century AD. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of Rome. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius and was ultimately the only surviving son. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. [35] According to Herodian, spectators of Commodus thought it unbecoming of an emperor to take up arms in the amphitheater for sport when he could be campaigning against barbarians among other opponents of Rome. His tale was not believed and he was immediately put to death. Strange that they didn't kill him earlier. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. Pescennius Niger mopped up the deserters in Gaul in a military campaign, and a revolt in Brittany was put down by two legions brought over from Britain. The scene portrays the extent of Emperor Commodus malice and provides a realization of the vengeance sought by Maximus, following the crucifixion of his wife and child. Gladiator is a film invested in the concept of retribution. In November 192 he held the Plebian Games, in which he would use arrows and javelins to shoot hundreds of animals every morning, and then engaged in gladiator battles each afternoon. [39] Dio also wrote that it was Commodus's custom to privately use deadly weapons to fight, murdering and maiming his opponents. wahrscheinlich aber erfand Commodus diese Geschichte selber, um seine Sonderrolle zu unterstreichen. But it didnt take long for him to delegate his leadership responsibilities to others so that he could engage in activities in which he enjoyed. Gladiator follows Roman general Maximus (Russell Crowe), who is chosen by the ailing Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) to succeed him as the new Caesar.This doesn't sit well with Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the son of Marcus, who murders his . During the preparations for the campaign against Cassius, Commodus assumed his toga virilis on the Danubian front on 7 July 175, thus formally entering adulthood. In the arena, Commodus's opponents always submitted to the emperor; as a result he never lost. On 20 January 175, Commodus entered the College of Pontiffs, the starting point of a career in public life. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". Whereas the reign of Marcus Aurelius had been marked by almost continuous warfare, Commodus's rule was comparatively peaceful in the military sense, but was also characterised by political strife and the increasingly arbitrary and capricious behaviour of the emperor himself. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. This horrified the Roman people. These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. He is viewed as having been an inept emperor, his megalomaniac tendencies leading to odd behaviors which frustrated and upset the Roman people. Contemporary Roman writer Cassius Dio describes the young heir as rather simple-minded, but he ruled agreeably with his father and joined Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars against the Germanic tribes along the Danube, which the emperor had been waging for several years. 1. Despite the fact that Commodus caused much anger and resentment during his reign, few written records were kept about his life. Striking story! "Back!" he cried. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. Thereafter his rule became increasingly arbitrary and vicious. Dio Cassius 73.10.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. [28][29], His original name was Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus. He then returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph for the conclusion of the wars on 22 October 180. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. Commodus, The Unhinged Roman Emperor Who Went Mad With Power, Commodus exposes Lucillas plot in this scene from. In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. Corrections? In 195, the emperor Septimius Severus, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus's memory and had the Senate deify him. [5] He was the son of the reigning emperor, Marcus Aurelius, and Aurelius's first cousin, Faustina the Younger, the youngest daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who had died only a few months before. ( Public Domain ). Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). A work of history that reads like fiction, The Gladiator brings to life Spartacus, Commodus, Caligula, and all of the other memorable players of the nearly thousand-year-long gladiatorial era. Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. The poison failed, so Narcissus entered Commodus's bedchamber. Lucius joined Marcus in his campaign against invading German tribes along the Danube, but after the death of Marcus (March 180) he quickly came to terms with the Germans. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. But frankly, the rest of "Gladiator" also deserves a standing ovation from an arena full of bloodthirsty Roman citizens (and modern audiences), especially the ending. schizoform/ CC BY 2.0 Painting, Hercules and the Hydra, Public Domain, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. To some, this was a sign that Commodus was not actually the biological child of Aurelius, and that his mother had conceived him while engaging in an affair. Only a famous death will do. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. Commodus (Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, 31 August 161 - 31 December 192) was Roman emperor from 177 to 192. Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163. Ridley Scott's Gladiator famously kills off Maximus (Russell Crowe) at the end, but the original plan for the ending was very different. While the films fictional account maintains that the killing of Commodus was motivated by the nature of the emperors actions, it is more personal and emotionally charged in the film than in history. Available from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/128108/Commodus, Lucius Aurelius Commodus Roman-Empire. [21], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. It was presumably there that, on 15 October 172, he was given the victory title Germanicus, in the presence of the army. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the arena himself, dressed as a secutor. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. She attempted to kill him by poisoning his food quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as real-life! 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( 1984 ), p. 10 the concept of retribution with a number of prominent... 22 October 180 gold to one of iron and rust groomed to succeed on family.

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