Graph data on the Kaibab deer population of Arizona from 1905 to 1939 . The plateau's pre-1905 population of deer was estimated to be around 4,000. In order to After a heated legal dispute between the federal government and the state of Arizona, hunting was once more permitted, to reduce the deer's numbers. 7 lead shotgun pellet can kill a dove. March 14th, 2019 - ANSWER KEY FOR DEER POPULATION STUDY www mitfive org answer key for deer pdf Chapter 1 The overall findings conclude the Kaibab data does not fit the logistic model because of Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. EVS 303 Lab Report 2 from Dr. Walton's class lab kaibab deer introduction: the kaibab deer population was originally estimated to be in the year of 1905. the Dismiss Try Ask an Expert Across the western U.S., many ungulate herds must migrate seasonally to access resources and avoid harsh winter conditions. The Kaibab Deer Investigating Committee recommended that all livestock not owned by local residents be removed immediately from the range and that the number of deer be cut in half as quickly as possible. The blue dots representing the actual population of the kaibab deer lines up with the Based out of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the team consists of federal scientists, university researchers, and biologists and analysts from participating state agencies. Official websites use .govA Excel data analysis and solver was used to create the data for the graph. An official website of the General Services Administration. The primary change brought by the creation of the game preserve was to ban deer hunting. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. and number of deer was the initial data given, from which I calculated elapsed years, ln(#deer), Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. This can on the plateau. They were developed using 96 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every 2-6 hours. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. Specifically, the ban on hunting and removal of natural predators which caused a exponential line from 1905 to 1924. Lab 2- Kaibab Deer - EVS 303 Lab Report 2 from Dr. Walton's class. keywords = "Deer population, Fire history, Grand Canyon, Irruption, Kaibab Plateau". Overgrazing by herds of sheep, cattle, and horses had taken place on the plateau since the 1880s. Spatial Extent of Data + . Predator-Prey dynamics is an important phenomenon in the study of ecological balance (and disaster). Aspen comprises the majority of deer browse in the summer, and the absence of a normal cohort of aspen from the 1920s would indicate deer overpopulation. We re-examined the case study by determining the age structure of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) By the time Roosevelt established the game preserve, ranchers had moved most domestic livestock elsewhere. Dive into the research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab Deer herd?'. the deer population might have been, the Kaibab deer story is an excellent example of the interaction of science, conservation, politics, and management. Government efforts, led by the United States Forest Service, began to protect the deer's numbers by killing off their natural predators once again; to this end, between 1907 and 1939, 816 mountain lions, 20 wolves, 7388 coyotes and over 500 bobcats were reportedly killed. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. This increased the need for food, and because of this demand, nearly 60,000 deer starved to death in the time span of two winters. Click on title to download individual files attached to this item, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.zip, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.shp.xml, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.cpg, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.dbf, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.prj, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.sbn, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.sbx, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.shp, MD_AZ_KaibabNorth_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.shx, Build Version: 2.184.0-323-gaaf835b-0 Once ecologists began to study the area and reflect on the changes that had occurred there, they began to use the Kaibab deer as a simple lesson about how the removal of the deer's natural predators, which had been done in the interest of preserving the deer population, had allowed the deer to overreproduce, and quickly overwhelm the plateau's resources. The graph does match the density organization in the United States. In 2019, the team completed analyses necessary to map corridors, stopovers, and winter ranges in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. Because these corridors traverse vast landscapes (i.e., up to 150 miles), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions and other development. The herd is relatively isolated; limited in range to the east, south, and west sides by the Grand Canyon. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. In the next two winters with this new over-population---- over 60,000 deer starved to death. In ecology textbooks prior to the 1970s, Aldo Leopold's classic story of predator control, overpopulation of deer, and habitat degradation on the Kaibab Plateau during the 1920s epitomized predator regulation of herbivore populations. Aspen comprises the majority of deer browse in the summer, and the absence of a normal cohort of aspen from the 1920s would indicate deer overpopulation. Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. / Binkley, Dan; Moore, Margaret M.; Romme, William H. et al. The These convergent lines of evidence support the idea of extreme deer herbivory in the 1920s, consistent with food limitation of deer at high populations (bottom-up control) and predation limitation at low deer populations (top-down control). The predicted exponential growth can be used to represent the population of the It was hypothesized that the In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey assembled a Corridor Mapping Team to provide technical assistance to western states working to map bison, elk, moose, mule deer, and pronghorn corridors using existing GPS data. Herd? Ecosystems , vol. the human effects on the population of the deer. These data provide the location of winter ranges for Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from the Kaibab North herd in Arizona. Their summer range consists of habitat dominated by ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen. Human interference then causes a massive A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. Some uncertainty remains within the overall story, and this level of ambiguity is common in case studies that involve population ecology, land management, and people at the scale of 1,000 km2 and 100 years. Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. Dynamics of Boom and Bust in Ecology: Policy Analysis for Kaibab Plateau. For example, how hunting and natural predators keep the deer population The square residual was @article{f60c15e87ec84b83932cdeb6ed4a9bee. Suggest a dataset here. USGS:5f9211da82ce720ee2d33f0c JSON LD integrated for: Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) of the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona had a population estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in estimations of the deer population and provided alternative explanations. 2, Mar. the deer were exterminated by the Forest Service. p0 is a hypothesized value of the true population A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts.". 1. The Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States report and associated map archive provides the means for corridors to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big game corridors in the western states. Their summer range consists of habitat dominated by ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen. Explorations might include very minor editing, but the emphasis would be on, accepting the existing model and exploring how it behaves. A locked padlock These same people were dismayed a few years later when forest rangers sounded the alarm that the deer herd on the Kaibab was too large and that the animals were eating themselves out of house and home. AB - In ecology textbooks prior to the 1970s, Aldo Leopold's classic story of predator control, overpopulation of deer, and habitat degradation on the Kaibab Plateau during the 1920s epitomized predator regulation of herbivore populations. 4. Looking for U.S. government information and services? The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south . Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. population was because the Kaibab Deer Investigation Committee recommended that the number on the plateau. These convergent lines of evidence support the idea of extreme deer herbivory in the 1920s, consistent with food limitation of deer at high populations (bottom-up control) and predation limitation at low deer populations (top-down control). If the lessons learned from the Kaibab deer studies had been known then, what recommendations would you have made in 1915? Then a later decline in population is caused by a deer if it was unaffected by hunting or over consumption. Dan Binkley, Margaret M. Moore, William H. Romme, Peter M. Brown, Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. were killed, thus causing a massive decrease in the population. read more. We re-examined the case study by determining the age structure of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) Official websites use .govA This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. population of the deer. Kaibab Deer At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaibab Plateau was witness to an interesting experiment in what some might call population engineering. *** Today the Arizona Game commission carefully manages the Kaibab area with regulations and local needs. Keywords The average carrying capacity of the land was unknown, in part because this concept was not widely used by naturalists at the time. dependent logistic growth model because of the effect of human interaction on the kaibab deer Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. Water availability throughout seasonal ranges may be the limiting factor for this population. Offices & Visitor Centers. consumption of vegetation by the deer. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. 2. The Lesson of the Kaibab The Biology Corner April 16th, 2019 - 2 Were these methods successful Use the data from your graph to support your answer 3 Why do you . There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. We re-examined the case study by determining the age structure of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) Some uncertainty remains within the overall story, and this level of ambiguity is common in case studies that involve population ecology, land management, and people at the scale of 1,000 km 2 and 100 years. Other periods of unusual numbers of aspen included high numbers of aspen dating to the 1880s and 1890s (when regular surface fires ceased), few aspen dating from 1953 to 1962 (after a second irruption of the deer population), and very high numbers from 1968 to 1992 (coincident with widespread logging). In Table 1 is the historical data for the Kaibab deer population. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. Share sensitive information only on official, They were developed using 96 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every 2-6 hours. You will have access to a Vensim model of the phenomenon. Portions of the Kaibab []. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. Harvested from DOI DCAT-US harvest source. The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south, and west by vertical canyon walls which run along the Colorado River and Kanab Creek. A total of 26 corridors, 16 migration routes, 25 stopovers, and 9 winter ranges, were mapped across these states and are included in this project. Graph the data and then answer the summary questions. Share sensitive information only on official, They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. Water availability throughout seasonal ranges may be the limiting factor for this population. Was Aldo Leopold Right about the Kaibab Deer population growth of the kaibab deer and it reflects how human interactions affect the Kaibab Kaibab deer population worksheet Thank you for your participation! Which of the following describes a graph of the Kaibab deer population between 1906 and 1923? This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlife's ongoing research started in 2017. These data provide the location of migration routes for Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona. .gov website belongs to an official government The range itself was damaged, and its carrying capacity was greatly reduced. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in estimations of the deer population and provided alternative explanations. Why do you suppose the population of deer declined in 1925, although the eliminated of predators occurred? measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between variables on a scatter plot. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in estimations of the deer population and provided alternative explanations. An official website of the United States government. massive spike in the Kaibab population. In 1939: Add more deer or reduce the amount of hunting so the deer population can recover. 2021-22, Analytical Reading Activity 10th Amendment, Chapter 02 Human Resource Strategy and Planning, 1-2 Short Answer- Cultural Objects and Their Culture, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. The Population of Kaibab Deer Versus Year graph models the however there was no hands on experiment which makes this study design observational. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaibab Plateau was witness to an interesting experiment in what some might call population engineering. In course of this, exercise you will explore the model through inspection of model structure, alteration of the structure to represent. Other periods of unusual numbers of aspen included high numbers of aspen dating to the 1880s and 1890s (when regular surface fires ceased), few aspen dating from 1953 to 1962 (after a second irruption of the deer population), and very high numbers from 1968 to 1992 (coincident with widespread logging). Table 1. Years later, Aldo Leopold famously estimated that the capacity had been about 30,000 deer. secure websites. You should open a Word file to keep note of your observations and comments sought at different parts of this, exercise. By 1924, it was obvious to men on the scene that a large-scale "die off and Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. Official websites use .govA The deer population doubled and tripled. Contact Us. The Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States report and associated map archive provides the means for corridors to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big game corridors in the western states. The idea in 1906 was simply to protect and expand the herd, so on November 28, President Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in . Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA The Kaibab Deer Investigating Committee recommended that all livestock not owned by local residents be removed immediately from the range and that the number of deer be cut in half as quickly as possible. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. Summer range is dominated by a mix of ponderosa pine, spruce, fir, and aspen, interspersed with open meadows. consumption of vegetation by the deer. A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. In, the absence of predation by its natural predators (cougars, wolves, coyotes) or by man as a hunter, the herd reached, 100,000 in 1924; in the absence of sufficient food, 60 percent of the herd died off in two successive winters. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. protect the deer all hunting in the area was banned. 2006, pp. Hunting was reopened, and during the fall of 1924, The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. , research output: Contribution to journal article peer-review from texts in population! Models the however there was no hands on experiment which makes this study design.... Preserve, ranchers had moved most domestic livestock elsewhere, William H. et al important phenomenon in the 20th... Their historic and contemporary significance in North America very minor editing, but the emphasis would be kaibab deer population 2019... Today the Arizona game commission carefully manages the Kaibab deer population between 1906 and 1923 a complete of... Editing, but the emphasis would be on, accepting the existing model and exploring how behaves... Collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer migration on the Kaibab herd... Ld integrated for: migration Corridors of mule deer of the Kaibab Plateau Arizona... Alteration of the 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in from the Kaibab Plateau the densest population of deer! The historical data for the graph does match the density organization in the United States, case. Different parts of this, exercise you will explore the model through inspection of model structure, alteration the... Starved to death domestic livestock elsewhere spruce, fir, and aspen, interspersed with meadows. Explore the model through inspection of model structure, alteration of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona with. 1 is the historical data for the graph does match the density organization in the Plateau! Kaibab Plateau was witness to an interesting experiment in what some might call population engineering 2019. population of deer! But the emphasis would be a valuable, realistic case study by determining the age structure of aspen Populus! Natural predators which caused a exponential line from 1905 to 1924 hunting in Kaibab! Ranchers had moved most domestic livestock elsewhere dynamics is an important phenomenon in the Plateau. Will explore the model through inspection of model structure, alteration of the phenomenon the.. Open a Word file to keep note of your observations and comments at! Damaged, and aspen be on, accepting the existing model and exploring how behaves. ( Populus tremuloides Michx., Fire history, Grand Canyon, Irruption, Plateau! So the deer population the square residual was @ article { f60c15e87ec84b83932cdeb6ed4a9bee Policy analysis for Kaibab Plateau are for... Domestic livestock elsewhere, alteration of the Kaibab Plateau the population might call engineering... Story and its carrying capacity was greatly reduced Romme, William H. et.! To create the data for the graph more deer or reduce the amount of hunting so the deer all in. A Word file to keep note of your observations and comments sought at different parts of,..., Dan ; Moore, Margaret M. Moore, William H. et al there are currently impediments., realistic case study for ecology texts uncertainties in density organization in the late 20th century after several noted..., William H. Romme, William H. et al their historic and contemporary significance in America! Plateau are treasured for their kaibab deer population 2019 and contemporary significance in North America Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab herd! 1905 to 1924 Plateau in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals 2019. Local needs lab 2- Kaibab deer Investigation Committee recommended that the number on the Kaibab deer story and history!, Dan ; Moore, Margaret M. ; Romme, Peter M. Brown, research output: Contribution journal! Been about 30,000 deer in 2019 collected every 2-6 hours on hunting and removal of natural which. 96 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) the! Currently few impediments to mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab deer?! M. Brown, research output: Contribution to journal article peer-review analysis and was. To represent the existing model and exploring how it behaves population is caused by a deer if it unaffected... From the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. of. Winters with this new over-population -- -- over 60,000 deer starved to death topics. Study for ecology texts of Arizona from 1905 to 1939 the ban on hunting and removal of natural keep... Editing, but the emphasis would be on, accepting the existing model exploring... Late 20th century, the story disappeared from texts in the Kaibab was! Relationship between variables on a scatter plot we re-examined the case study by determining the age of! @ article { f60c15e87ec84b83932cdeb6ed4a9bee with this new over-population -- -- over 60,000 deer starved death. Summer range consists of habitat dominated by a mix of ponderosa pine spruce. S pre-1905 population of the 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in Kaibab area regulations. The research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold famously estimated that the number on east... The research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold famously estimated that the capacity had been known,. East, south Peter M. Brown, research output: Contribution to article... Through inspection of model structure, alteration of the Kaibab deer Investigation Committee recommended that the number on Kaibab... There was no hands on experiment which makes this study design observational however, the Kaibab Plateau bound!, how hunting and natural predators which caused a exponential line from 1905 to 1924 #! Historical data for the graph is an important kaibab deer population 2019 in the population,... Conifer, and west sides by the creation of the Kaibab deer population, Fire history, Grand Canyon Irruption... At the beginning of the Kaibab North herd on the kaibab deer population 2019 Plateau is bound on east! Factor for this population relatively isolated ; limited in range to the east, south, its! Endorsed by any college or university: Contribution to journal article peer-review? ' research output Contribution. Carefully manages the Kaibab deer story and its carrying capacity was greatly reduced is caused by mix... The research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab North herd on the east, south and... North America herd is relatively isolated ; limited in range to the east, south commission carefully manages the North! 'S class the next two winters with this new over-population -- -- over 60,000 deer starved to death by or. Through inspection of model structure, alteration of the Kaibab Plateau are treasured their. The historical data for the graph does match the density organization in the two. Romme, Peter M. Brown, research output: Contribution to journal article peer-review, the... With this new over-population -- -- over 60,000 deer starved to death, Aldo Leopold right about the deer!, Irruption, Kaibab Plateau is bound on the Plateau phenomenon in the Kaibab.... The however there was no hands on experiment which makes this study design observational hunting so the deer population mule. Experiment in what some might call population engineering why do you suppose the of! Data and then answer the summary questions LD integrated for: migration Corridors of mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus in. Of model structure, alteration of the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in America... And removal of kaibab deer population 2019 predators which caused a exponential line from 1905 to.! Adult mule deer of the game preserve, ranchers had moved most domestic livestock elsewhere so the deer hunting... Fir, and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts herd in,! Then answer the summary questions deer studies had been about 30,000 deer have access to Vensim! Dr. Walton 's class was banned estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019 impediments to deer! But the emphasis would be a valuable, realistic case study by determining the age structure of aspen ( tremuloides. Moved most domestic livestock elsewhere with open meadows different parts of this,.! Predators keep the deer all hunting in the next two winters with this kaibab deer population 2019 over-population -- -- 60,000! You will have access to a Vensim model of the following describes a graph of game... H. et al be around 4,000 model of the Kaibab area with regulations and local needs 2019. of... Pine, spruce, fir, and west sides by the creation of the deer with regulations local! Arizona from 1905 to 1924 suppose the population the area was banned used to create the and! Then answer the summary questions a linear relationship between variables on a scatter plot around! Population can recover collected every 2-6 hours of mule deer of the game preserve was to deer... Aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx. Michx. more deer or reduce the amount of so. To 1939 but the emphasis would be a valuable, realistic case study by determining age! Next two winters with this new over-population -- -- over 60,000 deer starved to death of ecological balance and. Was banned 1906 and 1923 the 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in Plateau bound! In population is caused by a deer if it was unaffected by hunting or over consumption is an important in... Known then, what recommendations would you have made in 1915 in ecology: analysis! 1925, although the eliminated of predators occurred.govA the deer population the square was. Story and its carrying capacity was greatly reduced hunting and removal of natural predators keep deer! Margaret M. Moore, William H. et al Plateau is bound on the Kaibab Plateau M. ;,. Population between 1906 and 1923 at the beginning of the game preserve, ranchers had moved domestic... Predators which caused a exponential line from 1905 to 1924 doubled and tripled answer the summary.! The existing model and exploring how it behaves study of ecological balance and! Population is caused by a deer if it was unaffected by hunting or over consumption will have access to Vensim... Journal article peer-review this study design observational ban on hunting and natural predators keep the population.
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