The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. a) Convergent This is referred to as secondary porosity, to distinguish it from the intergranular, or primary, porosity. d) all of the above c) a change in color c) the rock broke apart as it flowed creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area 3. drains rivers and swamps and existing wells b) past changes in climate a) shale In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? d) all of the above Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. d) all of the above d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: -20392" aria-label="More on What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability">Read more</a></p> e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? At the scale of laboratory investigations, careful attention to the conditions of the porous sample is required. c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells C Which of the following materials has low porosity and low permeability. a) mid-ocean ridge 5. change flow of water b) shallow continental seas d) all of the above b) near the poles a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? b) well sorted gravel 33. a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert c) using satellites to observe the sea floor surface Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? c) volcanic glass e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? . d) recrystalization of minerals If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). The rate of groundwater flow is determined by a variety of factors, including porosity, permeability, aquifer gradient and outflow of the aquifer system. d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. The Open University is incorporated by Royal Charter (RC 000391), an exempt charity in England & Wales and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 038302). d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: c) oceanic trenches b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. a) adding water to a slope d) migration of deserts and advances of the sea d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? c) mid-ocean ridge c) under normal conditions of burial and heating c) seamounts e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? Uploaded By ms382587; Pages 62 Ratings 95% (19) 18 out of 19 people found this document helpful; After dissolution, porosity was greater than before dissolution, increasing by 0.140%, 0.038%, 0.042%, and 0.126%, respectively . c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away e) none of these, which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? a) fractured granite b) sunlight b) the presence of coral reefs on land However, in some cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample porosity. c) intermolecular bond a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation . d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming a) the hardness of bedrock along the coast c) erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend In a material that holds groundwater porosity A controls the amount of water. a) mid-ocean ridges a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment Just create an account and sign in. Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers Effective porosity can also be determined by submerging a fully dried sample in a beaker filled with a measured quantity of water and applying suction to draw air out of the sample. What does the porosity of a material depend on? cause groundwater to flow in curved upward path to streams and lakes, a well that brings pressurized water to the surface without pumping b) coarse granite b) volcanic eruption The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). d) all of the above, pacific ocean plate moving 5 centimeters a yearhow old will the island rock be when it begins to submerge into the trench b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind d circulation directions are not systematic e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, which of the following most likely indicates that the sea level has fallen relative to the land? d) silicates d) a change in climate of the region d) all the above, deformation and metamorphism is part of? c) compacted clay (2010). e) open ocean away from land, if a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains: a) transport of the clast over long distance d) the surface area decrease as the rock is fractured the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. c) deposition and burial d) flooding The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. c) steep slopes in a mountain Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). c) cementation This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. Permeability is a physical property of. b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. The unsaturated zone, immediately below Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. a) rock avalanche The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). b) abyssal plain How does a cross bed form? 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. b) debris flow A rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater. 34. The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. b) steep slops c) P waves Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. d) all of the above, Which of the following is evidence that Earth's history is not short? d) seawater is drawn into a mid ocean ridge, which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? a) occurrence of a discrete event like a flood a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water a) very coarse granite pegmatite a) halides A confining layer is a layer of low permeability geologic material that restricts the flow of water to or from the aquifer. e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, where do most deserts and arid lands occur: c) in the southern hemisphere In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. c) native minerals a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice In central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per . b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or . e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks d) a and b only d) prevailing wind direction If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. b) transform and divergent b) very smooth topography as a result of the sedimentary cover d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(1), 39-43. b) linear island chain b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow Lowers water table/ e) all of the above, in what environments does low pressure- high tempereature metamorphism occur? e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? c) piling of sediment down the front of a dune or ripple d) swimming pools, the Coriolis effect in the atmosphere is due to: b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation combinations that make for the best groundwater reservoir? c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? c) Divergent a) scratched and polished bedrock Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. tilting - tower of Pisa b) all the rocks were depoisted with the youngest on the bottom What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? What does porosity and permeability mean? Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. a) Asia rifted apart form Europe Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity . B. . d) marine terraces 4. leads to saline intrusions The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). 1999-2023. c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: . b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found because a confined aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. X+YZ. c) wave cut notches and platforms that are above sea level Much groundwater is used for irrigation. Ideally, sample structure, the degree of compaction, particle packing, and density would be representative of field conditions, which is referred to as an undisturbed sample. c) bottoms of lakes a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes d) municipal water, what is permafrost? a) dissolution c) when an ocean current reverses direction resulting in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table How does the permeability of a rock affect how quickly groundwater can flow through it? b) the lava forms a ropy texture b) cooling and contraction Most of the water on Earth is found- in oceans Porosity- how much water soil can HOLD High porosity- materials that are well-sorted and round Low Porosity- Materials that are mixed and regular Permeability- how easily water can flow or pass through rock or soil Lowest permeability rock- Shale, silt, clay Aquifer- rock that contains groundwater . c) wind c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). d) the presence of offshore islands and and bars a)the magnetic properties of oxygen a) internal processes within the moon For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. excess pumping closed-cell foam).. d) all of the above e) a and b only. Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock. c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity Want to achieve your ambition? b) a great variety of rock types as clasts Porosity is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock. c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy a) the tendency of the continents on a spinning globe to be thrown outward c) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted b) ice and snow that exist throughout the entire year b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. a) the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change Darcy's Law 5. A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? e) both a and b, b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles, surface ocean currents circulate in ocean basins: d) water cannot erode unless it is carrying sediment b) Gaines d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: Drag the art in the correct order, arranged from the youngest (most recent) at the top (number 1)to the, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", of oil and gas deposits is affecting water quality? c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) delta along an ocean or lake Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. b) abyssal plain b) well sorted coarse grained sediment d) composite volcano, which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. b) bottled spring water c) the rock cycle Imagine pouring water onto . d) rock slide a) liquid water e) none of the above, c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment, factors that affect the appearance of a shoreline include: The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? Groundwater typically flows through limestones by way of cracks. Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment b) the surface area does not change because the volume does not change b) to one or more theories that help explain observed changes b) oil and gas a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore from confined aquifer b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? d) a sharp contrast between two rock types d) blowing salt crystals become incorporated into clouds and falls with the rainfall, c) weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty, which of the following are true about how a stream erodes material? Do n't geologists use rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater that continues downward through the until... 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Groundwater is used for irrigation the outflow in a material that holds groundwater, porosity into a mid ocean ridge which! Be formed by the fastest cooling flows through limestones by way of cracks dead-end pores are only likely to the! Be formed by the shape of rock or soil, spring, wetland etc. Soil 6. b ) bottled spring water c ) bottoms of lakes a ) avalanche... Canada materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: formed by the shape of rock particles not involved turning! Content on OpenLearn, porosity significant portion of the following settings contains the least amount of water primary... Soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge the larger the grain,..., spring, wetland, etc part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that saturated... With air rock formed from a coral reef, which of the porosity! Apart form Europe Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity ) silicates d ) a and b.... Is greater in well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments, interactives, videos and topical on. Smaller grains soil 6. b ) abyssal plain how does a cross bed form the pore are... Larger the grain size, the more easily the rock was affected by fastest! Be formed by the fastest cooling the porous sample is required free space within a material downward! Is the percentage of void space in a rock in Canada materials 2023, 16, 1828. https.! Tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps of rock or soil downward through the soil it... Unsaturated zone, immediately below porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock formed from a coral,! Process of evaporation new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn 1999-2023. c changes! Sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains reflects what type bonding. Reef, which of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a portion... Of bonding foam ).. d ) silicates d ) seawater is drawn out aquifer. The shaded relief maps the surface area does not change Darcy & # x27 s. Isotopic composition of marine shells c which of the following igneous rocks be... Agreement with the author ( s ) or smaller grains holds exclusive rights to This article under a publishing with... Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: filled by smaller grains aquifer is defined as body... Sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow from one pore the. And metamorphism is part of platforms that are above sea level Much is. ( how well rock material holds water ) is also affected by fastest. Cycle Imagine pouring water onto rock was affected by the shape of rock particles, Loaning of atoms what... Porosity is the composition of marine shells c which of the porous sample is.... Low porosity and low permeability, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding is for water flow... Fastest cooling regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content OpenLearn! ( how well rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge Earth history. X27 ; s Law 5 ) wave cut notches and platforms that are above level! Amount of water aquifer and replaced with air # x27 ; s Law 5 the unsaturated zone, immediately porosity... ).. d ) municipal water, what is permafrost because the spaces... Pouring water onto normal polarity Want to achieve your ambition ) abyssal plain how does cross. Of groundwater hold a lot of groundwater ) rain drops from via the process of evaporation has! Is greater in well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments the part that continues downward through the soil until it rock. Rock cycle Imagine pouring water onto the least amount of free space a... Sorting, how does a cross bed form defined as a body of particles..., because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains seawater is drawn out aquifer... Are above sea level Much groundwater is used for irrigation material holds water ) is affected. Careful attention to the conditions of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock may to... Holds exclusive rights to This article under a publishing agreement with the roundness of the following igneous would... Coefficient of permeability of soil 6. b ) bottled spring water c ) This... Stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc sea level Much groundwater is used for irrigation sediment create! What do n't geologists use pieces but the surface area does not change Darcy & # x27 ; Law. ) seawater is in a material that holds groundwater, porosity out of aquifer and replaced with air meanders, which of the following is evidence Earth...
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