At Erasmus MC, search strategies for systematic reviews are often designed via a librarian-mediated search service. Investigators and information specialists searching for relevant references for a systematic review (SR) are generally advised to search multiple databases and to use additional methods to be able to adequately identify all literature related to the topic of interest [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Complexity The provision of the functionality we expect of a good DBMS makes the DBMS an extremely complex piece of software. It therefore finds articles in which the topic of research is not mentioned in title, abstract, or thesaurus terms, but where the concepts are only discussed in the full text. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Database designers and developers, the data and database administrators and end-users must understand this functionality to take full advantage of it. Because of this major limitation, the question of which databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered. 3099067 Though we suspect that searchers who are not information specialists or librarians would have a higher possibility of less well-constructed searches and searches with lower recall, even highly trained searchers differ in their approaches to searching. The references to these reviews can be found in Additional file 1. Continue to scroll down the page for information on how to limit your search to specific types of research. This database is updated daily and features searchable PDF content going back as far as 1887. Disclaimer. It is laborious for searchers to translate a search strategy into multiple interfaces and search syntaxes, as field codes . FOIA Depending on the goal of the search, different measures may be optimized. -$P*C! One hundred and fifty-nine journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with the basic version of CINAHL. Within systematic reviews, when searching for relevant references, it is advisable to use multiple databases. This checkbox limits your search to research studies containing data collection, methodology, and conclusions. MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. The site is secure. Other specialized databases, such as CINAHL or PsycINFO, add unique references to some reviews where the topic of the review is related to the focus of the database. Google Scholar. Once validated and certified for inclusion, these OA journals are treated with high-quality subject indexing and sophisticated, precise/accurate full-text linking. WB designed the searches used in this study and gathered the data. There is an overlap in the journals indexed by these two databases. Comput Biomed Res. The Cochrane Handbook, for example, recommends the use of at least MEDLINE and Cochrane Central and, when available, Embase for identifying reports of randomized controlled trials [7]. Medical Library, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CS, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, You can also search for this author in 2016;87:713. using CINAHL alone. Springer Nature. What is considered acceptable recall for systematic review searches is open for debate and can differ between individuals and groups. WB and ML analyzed the data. endobj When searching for a systematic review, recall is the most important aspect, as the researcher does not want to miss any relevant references. Figure5 shows the improvement of precision for 15 databases and database combinations. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study. MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. Almost all reviews (97%) reported a search in MEDLINE. The five options are: To get the most results, select all three sub-divisions: High Sensitivity, High Specificity, and Best Balance. Eighty-one journals are uniquely indexed in BNI compared with all versions of CINAHL. For reviews where RCTs are the desired study design, Cochrane CENTRAL may be similarly useful. <>>> The database itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. Improvement of precision was calculated as the ratio between the original precision from the searches in all databases and the precision for each database and combination. Rathbone J, Carter M, Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev. Lemeshow AR, Blum RE, Berlin JA, Stoto MA, Colditz GA. Searching one or two databases was insufficient for meta-analysis of observational studies. Disadvantages of Databases 1. BMC Med Res Methodol. MEDLINE VIA PUBMED VS CINAHL Prior to starting a search, it is essential to choose the most appropriate database. 2013 Jan 9;13:7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-7. On this page you will learn how to limit your results in CINAHL to: The databases avail-able include the Cochrane Collaboration, Medline (in various forms such as PubMed), Best Evidence10and Embase.The most widely used and most often recom-mended database isMedline. Some concluded that searching only one database can be sufficient as searching other databases has no effect on the outcome [16, 17]. Stroke. See the page " Choose a Library Database ," or ask a librarian to help you choose the right database for your topic. &Jl1/>nw\CCX=prz Dcr8UBW3L`Du8*r (+P/:SXQB^ ThePsycINFO renowned resource for abstracts of scholarly journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations, is the largest resource devoted to peer-reviewed literature in behavioral science and mental health. We've already shown how to use this limiter for systematic reviews and case studies; other useful publication types for evidence-based practice include Clinical Trial and Meta Analysis. [10] and van Enst et al. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. PubMedGoogle Scholar. If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in our analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. }UCby^4(-\SHU1B CPn(ULF{fUUog].[>~si|F] mykK+NGz Based on these, we determined the percentage of reviews where that database combination had achieved 100% recall, more than 95%, more than 90%, and more than 80%. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. We searched PubMed in July 2016 for all reviews published since 2014 where first authors were affiliated to Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and matched those with search registrations performed by the medical library of Erasmus MC. We determined the databases that contributed most to the reviews by the number of unique references retrieved by each database used in the reviews. Searching only Embase produced an NNR of 57 on average, whereas, for the optimal combination of four databases, the NNR was 73. A researcher wants to be able to estimate the chances that his or her current project will miss a relevant reference. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only systematic reviews in CINAHL: Randomized controlled trials are the studies commonly used to support systematic reviews and are a high level of evidence. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Figure4 shows the distribution of this value for individual reviews. Cite this article. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. endobj 2015;68:61726. PubMed is a much larger database than CINAHL, but CINAHL emphasizes nursing and the allied health disciplines. We estimate that 60% of published systematic reviews do not retrieve 95% of all available relevant references as many fail to search important databases. To categorize the types of patient/population and intervention, we identified broad MeSH terms relating to the most important disease and intervention discussed in the article. For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. Until 2016, the most complete MEDLINE selection in Ovid still lacked the electronic publications that were already available in PubMed. CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. Click in the check box below Evidence-Based Practice to select this option. These options are located throughout the Limit your results section of the page. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Handwashing OR "Hand Washing" OR "Hand Rubs" OR "Hand Disinfection". For example, in the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you find the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you see. There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. The topics of the reviews studied here may simply have fallen into those categories, though the diversity of the included reviews may point to a more universal applicability. Google Scholar. Moreover, in combinations where the number of results was greatly reduced, the recall of included references was lower. In 73 of these, the searches and results had been documented by the first author of this article at the time of the last search. In general, searches are developed in MEDLINE in Ovid (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE, from 1946); Embase.com (searching both Embase and MEDLINE records, with full coverage including Embase Classic); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Wiley Interface; Web of Science Core Collection (hereafter called Web of Science); PubMed restricting to records in the subset as supplied by publisher to find references that not yet indexed in MEDLINE (using the syntax publisher [sb]); and Google Scholar. See Fig. The CINAHL Plus with Full Text database is an unfiltered database containing over 750 nursing and allied health related journals, and indexes another 5,000. Limitations of electronic databases Databases may not contain the most recent references Search results from bibliographic databases depend on the search strategy used and the quality of the indexing. A case study using a systematic review of frozen shoulder management. Exploring the 'Patient Experience' of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A Scoping Review. J Clin Epidemiol. To ensure adequate performance in searches (i.e., recall, precision, and number needed to read), we find that literature searches for a systematic review should, at minimum, be performed in the combination of the following four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (including Epub ahead of print), Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Asterisk indicates that the recall of all databases has been calculated over all included references. Many of the reviews were initiated by members of the departments of surgery and epidemiology. The four databases that had retrieved the most unique references (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were investigated individually and in all possible combinations (see Table4). However, when looking at individual reviews, the probability of missing more than 5% of included references found through database searching is 33% when Google Scholar is used together with Embase and MEDLINE and 30% for the Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE combination. PubMed 'VI/:NAf] N1b v4Fl8KTs cinQ We estimate more than 50% of reviews that include more study types than RCTs would miss more than 5% of included references if only traditional combination of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTAL is searched. Since the introduction of the more complete MEDLINE collection Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Ovid MEDLINE, the need to separately search PubMed as supplied by publisher has disappeared. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. The searcher in the case of all 58 systematic reviews is an experienced biomedical information specialist. It is likely caused by difference in thesaurus terms that were added, but further analysis would be required to determine reasons for not finding the MEDLINE records in Embase. 2017;33:21724. The recall of the database combinations was calculated over all included references retrieved by any database. All searches in this study were developed and executed by W.M.B. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? Searching for relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered MEDLINE did unique! Exploring the 'Patient Experience ' of individuals with Limited English Proficiency: a Scoping review Hoffmann,... Web Policies Handwashing OR `` Hand Rubs '' OR `` Hand Rubs OR. 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