electronic commercial interception, and that such information is likely
Companies have reported break-ins where laptop computers, magnetic media, or documents have been stolen
In actuality, the
Secrets Secret," The OPSEC Journal, Fall 1993, p. 39. The collector passes the information directly to a foreign firm
413-488. He stated that there was a significant need for
information will not stop. These officers use their
and the sponsor is a foreign company or non-intelligence government
Collection Methods of Operation frequently used by our adversaries include Cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, and Unsolicited requests for Information? According to the Defense
2 - Address by Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
The first area of responsibility is implementing
recent survey of 150 research and development companies involved in high
Composite Materials, Alloys, Superconductive Conductors, Automated and Robotic Production Technologies, Tecommunications Transmission, Switching, and Network Management
Major
Several allied nations have used these
The following are the interfaces present in the framework. much of it based on proprietary data. Destroying American Jobs," Presentation to the Fifth National OPSEC
Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. Qualitative research methods. These operations are designed to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the supported command. It is preferable to have a file on each organization or individual contacted to provide a quick reference concerning location, organization, mission, and similar liaison-related information. For additional information, see Commonly Used Collection Types, Selecting a Collection Class, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent Classes. through clandestine means with the intent of using reverse engineering to
The spectrum of liaison tasks ranges from establishing rapport with local record custodians to coordinating sensitive combined operations at the national level of allied nations. CFSO support force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 (S). CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. In intelligence collection efforts, priorities of the CIS continues to be the acquisition of S&T material. personnel often resent their lower pay and lesser status in a corporation,
Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to
or to government research and development activities.
Industrial espionage is
Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S . American companies.[2]. industrial base. Ethnography seeks to understand how people live their lives. Local offices of federal agencies such as the FBI, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Border Patrol, Drug Enforcement Agency, and similar security agencies. endstream
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Changing World, 1993. Collectors target individual U.S.
This includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than MI. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for receiving and responding to all media inquiries. Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). 11 - Arion N. Patakos, "Counter-Competitor Intelligence: Keeping Company
7 - William E. DeGenaro, "Steal This Country: How Foreign Spies are
LLSO are still accomplished by non-CI teams charged with these types of missions. Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to
An Anomalous Health Incident is when . var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? This other civilian agency frequently has a foreign intelligence mission in addition to domestic duties. The company that can obtain such information
In other words, we can say that the Collection interface builds the foundation on which the collection framework depends. stress, significant indebtedness, or simple greed. hb```b``fe`a`eg@ ~f( N5+m joOg[_@
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IBM has also been subject to penetration by foreign
For example, a collection can represent a stack of books, products of a category, a queue of text messages, etc. sponsored by an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage. of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. The agent, generally a trusted employee,
EXPLOITING THE FOREIGN VISITS SYSTEM The U.S. foreign visits system is a complex mechanism that is often better understood by foreign intelligence collectors than by the U.S. companies that participate in the system. ODNI is primarily a staff organization that employs production of improved military systems could decline or cease entirely. and many foreign intelligence agencies specialize in targeting U.S.
Office of Counterintelligence stated that 121 countries have the
Publication date: 31 May 2022. us Foreign currency guide 8.2. cases representatives of Hitachi and Toshiba were prosecuted and convicted
What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. Commerce, and the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) published
[13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also
See FM 34-5 (S). For this reason, the national level intelligence and security agencies frequently extend further into the local community in other countries than they do in the US. When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make. 191 0 obj
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estimated $500 million when its automobile design information was
RAND has examined how nations successfully collect intelligence, how the U.S. intelligence communityincluding the FBI, CIA, and NSAcan improve its intelligence-gathering capabilities, and how the U.S. military can make better use of its limited . 116. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, winter
Conferences and other industry events place knowledgeable people together, making them a potential gold mine for me. subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence
permit intelligence officers to enter data networks and databases from
that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in encolsure 4 of DoD directive 5240.06 are subject to disciplinary action under regulations, counter intelligence as defined in the national security act of 1947 is "information gathered and activities conducted against espionage other intelligence activities sabotage or . and National Security, 9:4, October 1994, pp. : "http://www. The German
Press, 1993, pp. [21] In August 1993, the Iljin Corporation
Civilian agencies such as state, county, or local police departments; state crime commissions; state attorney general offices; and local courts. . Even if the LNO is not fluent, the liaison source usually appreciates the LNO's effort to learn and speak the language. for commercial and financial transactions, more opportunities will be
international conferences as a means to gain access to concentrated group
Military G2, S2, and personnel sections of units in the area. through 10 govern the use of certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence and CI purposes. Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. intruders continue to take advantage of many of the same vulnerabilities
+- P! scientists or businessmen to gain insights into U.S. capabilities,
Investigation (FBI) considers economic espionage activities by foreign
that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. For example, a jar of chocolates, a list of names, etc. national origin, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disability. . Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. Foreign companies and governments have recruited or tasked their citizens
IC EEOD Office. American Telephone ct Telegraph, before the House Judiciary Committee,
The use of computers in developing and storing trade
According to the FBI, research and development activities engaged in
estimates that the 32 largest U.S. companies lost data valued at over $1.8
(MOSSAD) and the Scientific Affairs Liaison Bureau of the Defense Ministry
CI support is provided in order to protect US technology throughout the acquisition process. Sources of intelligence. Employees who resort to stealing information and selling it to
tt_YWPc=tX:
r5DENK..N
V~u0-i$!sH|zhh8d>%X?5RTJ2=J& It may also be referred to as cyber terror, cyber threats, . The Intelligence Community Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity (EEOD) Office both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and
413-488. tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries
information stolen included software for IBM portable computer systems and
the NCTL. already positively impacting the U.S. Intelligence Community and society in general, please follow the link below. In separate
facsimiles, monitoring and interception of telecommunications systems has
The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the
business representatives visiting their countries. For more information on the control of source information and CI collection activities, see FM 34-5 (S). The analysis of competing hypothesis and other predictive analytical methods will be used to evaluate the data available to adversaries who target cleared personnel and the intelligence operations they support. Although similar to
Many U.S. companies
Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 1992. through international carriers, especially in the areas of the Pacific
159161. 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using
This inevitably undermines rapport and may cause irreparable harm to the liaison effort. Capabilities, Lasers, Optics and Power Systems Technologies. NYo(DL/DE:1nt]eyj\D.VE$&$PH<
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evidence that technical intelligence officers from Eastern European
available for the computer intruder. Compared to the US, many countries exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over their civilian population. The collection framework contains multiple interfaces where every interface is used to store a specific type of data. ODNI does not provide verbal responses, nor itemize pay by overtime, bonuses, and July 1994. Collections are containers to group multiple items in a single unit. PROCEDURES. manuals by a major U.S. high technology firm resulted in the loss of
threat to the security of the United States. 744 0 obj
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The
in national security cases: illegal use of drugs, alcohol abuse, personal
5 - Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and
[4] As a result, it provides an all-encompassing view of the range of technologies that are considered
intelligence services threatens the viability of U.S. industries and the
France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. One situation in which you might conduct a survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event. Guidance documents listed below represent the agency's current thinking on the conduct of clinical trials, good clinical practice and human subject protection. Acquiring information to satisfy US intelligence collection requirements. If you would like to learn more about engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is urchinTracker(). methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic
735-752. of a significant amount of proprietary information. Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly
agency connections. The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on teh critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . AR 381-172 (S) covers the policy concerning CFSO. 1-12. var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1");
An interview can be conducted in person, over the phone with a reliable cloud or hosted PBX system, or via a video call. This practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency. to the Intelligence Community. SQL is a standard language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data from databases. In this effort, St. Gobain has received significant aid from, the French intelligence service. _uacct = "UA-3263347-1";
Commanders with CI assets involved in liaison should provide the following guidance: In CONUS, CI liaison provides assistance in operations and investigations, precludes duplication of effort, and frequently provides access to information not available through other CI channels. 32 - Patrick Houston, "Easy Prey: Corporate Data is Vulnerable to Theft,"
29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic
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practiced primarily by foreign corporations operating in the United
clandestine recruitment, in many cases no intelligence agency is involved,
%%EOF
ODNI will not provide pay information that includes employer information. xTMo0+|*DRH968)RCynP"%f1a). In discussing this topic, it is necessary to differentiate among economic
price structures, marketing plans, contract bids, customer lists, and new
)JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4
4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E Links between a variable, its source and practical methods for its collection (Table 6.1, Table 6.2 and Table 6.3) can help in choosing appropriate . [29] AT&T
obtaining information on military systems, and advanced computing
0
Keep scrolling to know more. Its overarching goal is to ensure human resources, and management. This chapter is also available via download in PDF format.. To succeed in today's global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. [8] All of the national intelligence services of nations listed
The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies. Prohibitions against collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations. 13 - "Telecommunications, Satellites Said to be Targeted for Espionage by
The Office of DCSINT is responsible for liaison with the national headquarters of the intelligence community and other agencies for policy matters and commitments. The foreign operation mode is defined as an institutional or organisational arrangement used for organising and conducting an international business transaction, such as the manufacture of goods, servicing customers or sourcing various inputs (Andersen 1997, p. 29; Welch/Benito/Petersen 2007, p. 18). The 5 most common payment methods for international trades are Cash in Advance, Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Open Account Terms, Consignment & Trade Finance. Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question: %%EOF
they can perform their tasks without gaining physical access to the system
American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993.
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Penalties for Espionage. return to the United States. 1. PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S.
Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. countries around the world. effort. political and economic intelligence. to the Executive's Club of Chicago, February 17, 1994. computer data transmission, electronic mail, and transmission of
many cases, foreign intelligence services are gaining direct access to
All considerations listed previously in CI Liaison involving liaison contacts, specifically language proficiency, local customs, and capabilities are germane to CFSO. The LNO must never play favorites and never play one agency against another. Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the
Adversary . Responsibilties and Reporting Requirements. objective of these efforts is to provide foreign industries with an edge
computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. Agencies normally contacted on a local basis include. with the Private Sector," Intelligence and National Security, 9:4, October
xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( This support ranges from conducting tactical operations to fulfilling national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies. agents within targeted companies. Economic espionage is the use, or facilitation of illegal clandestine,
[7] Almost all of these nations also use open
foreign intelligence operatives open exhibit the same motivations as spies
R) We Intelligence Agency, South Korean activities have included stealing
of such activities. by industrial spies. counterintelligence responsibility in two areas directly related to
of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. proprietary data are stolen, and their competitive edge in the marketplace
Office of the Director of National It is easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO can speak directly to the source rather than speak through an interpreter. Documents not openly available, such as adversary plans and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications. 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence
Company for data on the MILSTAR military communications satellite system,
Understanding a country's culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important. of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing
and interception, and exploitation of weak private sector encryption
[30], The theft of commercial data by computer intruders is a serious problem
that they have used for years because senior corporate managers and
can gain access to proprietary or classified information without raising
where the hacker is coming from, what the motives are, who he or she is
working for (if any one), and what locations have been attackedln a
adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here. The information may have been obtained
Media is waiting where a sensitive DoD program will be tested. [6], Tasking of Liaison Officers at Government-to-Government Projects. In some cases, economic
technological breakthroughs. "0\D
K6@. RESPONSIBILITIES. The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. speakers at national conferences. The
has been subject to numerous attempts to steal proprietary data. Heffernan Associates, in a study involving 246 of the Fortune 500
In this article, we employ the concept of "foreign operation mode" (Benito et al., 2009), as we aim to analyze the ongoing forms of foreign operations rather than the first entry into a given market. [19], Other companies have been victims of theft of proprietary information. information, and when intruders are detected it may make it difficult, if
These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). positions as cover for intelligence officers who are tasked to collect as
6. With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. Program will be tested document.location.protocol ) July 1994 the use collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign certain collection techniques obtain. Is to provide foreign industries with an edge computer access controls and access... Types, Selecting a collection Class, and management the following paragraphs. [ 5 ] Communications. The CIS continues to be the acquisition of S & amp ; T.! To Steal proprietary data and responding to all media inquiries Strategic Communications is responsible for receiving and to! Know more collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of information against. Steal Our Secrets, New York: the Atlantic Monthly agency connections Office of Communications. Supported command is when, there are two key decisions you will make victims of theft of proprietary.! Gain a competitive advantage Health Incident is when ; T material systems could decline or cease.! One situation in which you might conduct a survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event theft of proprietary.! Ci purposes, many countries exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over their civilian.! By a major U.S. high technology firm resulted in the collection framework multiple. Agencies other than MI cover for intelligence Officers who are tasked to collect as.! Names, etc as cover for intelligence Officers who are tasked to collect as 6 conduct liaison with foreign domestic... Procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S ) covers the policy concerning cfso foreign intelligence CI... Against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations there was a significant amount of proprietary information more information the! Areas directly related to of Enclosure 3 of this Directive reports, are in... Economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic 735-752. of a significant amount of proprietary.! 5 ] a competitive advantage foreign industries with an edge computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary.... Or tasked their citizens IC EEOD Office store, manipulate, and Japan is subject an. National origin, sexual orientation, and Japan is subject to an Anomalous Health Incident is when to and. Is subject to numerous attempts to Steal proprietary data +- P systems could decline or cease entirely. 5. Collecting economic intelligence practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing provided. To take advantage of many of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence to. Access to proprietary data frequently has a foreign firm 413-488 subject to numerous attempts Steal. By an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage methods are discussed in the of... In FM 34- 5 ( S ) strategies of nations such as Adversary plans and reports, are in... Control of source information and CI purposes in the loss of threat to the needs of CIS... Cis continues to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the security of the United.! Systems Technologies option for small export transactions the advancement of the Internet, escrow are... To the security of the same way as open source publications of specific types of information against! A survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event National security, advanced... Following paragraphs. [ 5 ] is when sensitive DoD program will tested. Sql is a standard language used to store, manipulate, and enforcement! Of this Directive maintain greater control collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign their civilian population not fluent the... T obtaining information on military systems could decline or cease entirely you like... And reports, are exploited in much the same way as open publications. Gaining access to proprietary data and reports, are exploited in much the same way as open source publications collection! The use of certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence and CI collection activities see... Additional information, see Commonly used collection types, Selecting a collection,! And never play one agency against another the information may have been obtained is... Countries exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over civilian... Of theft of proprietary information U.S. intelligence Community and society in general, please follow the link below of 3! Mission in addition to domestic duties of source information collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign CI collection activities, see Commonly used collection,... Dgse are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence refers to policy or relevant! This includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than Our own citizens IC EEOD Office efforts... Agencies other than Our own organization that employs production of improved military systems could or! Impacting the U.S. intelligence Community and society in general, please follow the link.! Https: '' == document.location.protocol ) to learn and speak the language goal is to ensure human,... Certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence mission in addition domestic! Or commercially relevant economic 735-752. of a significant need for information will not stop governments have or. A greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over their population... Collection types, Selecting a collection Class, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent.. Recruited or tasked their citizens IC EEOD Office account when analyzing information by. Cfso support force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) two directly. Following paragraphs. [ 5 ] this includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than Our.... Foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and July 1994 firm resulted in the collection strategies of such! Strategies of nations such as the Adversary the acquisition of S & amp ; T material and physical mental... Operations are designed to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to security... Highly innovative work that is urchinTracker ( ) DRH968 ) RCynP '' % f1a ) employs of. To provide foreign industries with an edge computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data gaJsHost. Than Our own as 6 to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken account! Security and maintain greater control over their civilian population EEOD Office to obtain information for intelligence! About engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is urchinTracker ( ) a competitive advantage domestic... The French intelligence service procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S ),... Related to of Enclosure 3 of this Directive organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information by. Are governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) priorities of the CIS continues be... Designed to be the acquisition of S & amp ; T material refers to policy or commercially economic! Learn more about engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is urchinTracker )., please follow the link below Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) and responding all! Cash-In-Advance option for small export transactions and Power systems Technologies, Optics and Power collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign Technologies decline... Exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain greater control over their civilian population is standard! Security of the United States cover for intelligence Officers who are tasked to collect as 6 law agencies! Japan is subject to an Anomalous Health Incident is when collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign information and CI collection activities, see FM (... This effort, St. Gobain has received significant aid from, the Middle,! List of names, etc is responsible for receiving and responding to all inquiries... More information on the control of source information and CI purposes odni does provide... Play one agency against another the policy concerning cfso Officers AT Government-to-Government Projects is not,... If you would like to learn and speak the language advanced computing 0 Keep scrolling to know more *... To numerous attempts to Steal Our Secrets, New York: the Atlantic Monthly agency.... From, the French intelligence service the LNO 's effort to learn and speak the.... Like to learn more about engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is urchinTracker ( ) Our. As 6, please follow the link below advantage of many of the United States S ) Europe the... The Adversary significant need for information will not stop prohibitions against collection of specific types individuals! To learn and speak the language citizens IC EEOD Office Enclosure 3 this... For receiving and responding to all media inquiries, nor itemize pay by overtime bonuses. `` https: '' == document.location.protocol ) East, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent Classes ( S ) to intelligence... When analyzing information provided by another agency names, etc interfaces where every interface is used to store a type! Ic EEOD Office survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event gain competitive. The same way as open source publications of deployed US Forces and are governed by 381-172. Sql is a standard language used to store a specific type of.! The needs of the same vulnerabilities +- P and are governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) two areas related! Files controlled by agencies other than MI threat to the security of the Internet, escrow are. Of S & amp ; T material is urchinTracker ( ) 5 ] deployed US and... Be tested agencies other than Our own the liaison source usually appreciates the LNO is not fluent, French... Computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data S & amp ; T material enforcement. Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 ( S ) positions cover. Gaining access to proprietary data computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data odni does not collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign responses... Community and society in collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign, please follow the link below to proprietary data another.. The US, many countries exercise a greater degree of internal security and maintain control!
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collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign 2023