For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. Joe . Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. [90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. It is alarming to see how intensely and openly the family is under attack in contemporary society. Joseph! "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. [177] There were fifty-six women who Young was sealed to during his lifetime. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Lucy and Young had seven children together. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. . The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. Young achieved greatest success in real estate. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. He dedicated his talents to the LDS church throughout his life, and his ideas and leadership shaped the colonization of Utah and the Intermountain West. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. Wikimedia Commons. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . [177] Thirty-one of his wives were not connubial and had exchanged eternity-only vows with him and he had children by sixteen of his wives. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? [194] He encounters Joseph Smith and attempts to ambush his party of Mormons, but, rather than engaging with "the Clitoris Man", Smith shows mercy, rubbing one of the frogs that God has given him to have sex with to cure his AIDS on Young's face, curing his AIDS, and so moving him that he decides to convert to the faith. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. [177], In 1902, 25 years after his death, The New York Times established that Young's direct descendants numbered more than 1,000. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . Open for public research. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. 5 min read. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. His father was a revolutionary war veteran. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. This will always be so. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. The Beehive House and the Lion House remain as prominent Salt Lake City landmarks. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. Bridger Walker and his sister. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Robert Walker. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. FactSnippet No. 20, No. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. 1,204,523 People also liked The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Marisa Tafoya Media. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. The day will come when the seed of Canaan will be redeemed and have all the blessings their brethren enjoy. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . Young also worked to establish the learning institutions which would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. This blog does not store any files on its server. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. No. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. Oversaw the first governor of the Quorum of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and City... 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