There was the odd exception like Northwich Girls' Grammar School; but even there, the formidable Miss Janet Dines claimed she had hardly used the cane in ten years before the event that got her into all the newspapers in 1976. Article 34 of the Law on Education 2012 states that students have the right to "(9) respect for human dignity, protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury personality, the protection of life and health"; article 43(3) states that "discipline in educational activities is provided on the basis of respect for human dignity of students and teachers" and "application of physical and mental violence to students is not allowed. (See list of countries, below.). Today, the ban of corporal punishment in all forms, whether in schools or in the home, is vested in the Constitution of Poland. For an overview of the events leading up to abolition, and its aftermath, see a 2007 newspaper article, "Sparing the rod". (But see this 1973 newspaper article for a round-up of the caning situation then prevailing at seven "top" private schools. "I'd pull their tracksuits down and cane their bare bottoms until their cheeks burned red and they wept with pain and shame", she wrote in the influential Daily Mail. In primary schools (ages 5 to 11), and in the pre-1950s all-through elementary schools (age up to 13), slapping with the hand, applied to bottoms or hands or arms or legs, appears to have been the physical punishment of choice. One consequence of the perceived collapse in school discipline has been a tendency for some (especially immigrant-descended) parents to send their teens abroad to complete their secondary studies, often to Africa or the Caribbean, where a stricter and more structured education, including CP where necessary, is still available. development and not resorting to corporal punishment, and the role of national bodies in implementing the RTE Act, stating: "This advisory should be used by the State Governments/UT Administrations to ensure that appropriate State/school level guidelines on prevention of corporate punishment and appropriate redressal of any complaints, are framed, disseminated, acted upon and monitored. [228][229] The caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and girls are as likely to be caned at school as boys.[230][231][232]. [162] This is administered in a formal ceremony by the school management after due deliberation, not by classroom teachers. It had been very regularly used on both boys and girls in certain schools for centuries prior to the ban. Corporal punishment sets clear boundaries and motivates children to behave in school. [42][43] Corporal punishment of children has been prohibited unilaterally within the country since 2016. Some might feel that it would be difficult to think of a more appropriate case for a smart swishing. [84][80][85], In 2004 (Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada), the Supreme Court of Canada outlawed corporal punishment in all schools, public or private. WebCorporal punishment was banned in private schools in England in 1999. Other international human-rights bodies supporting prohibition of corporal punishment of children in all settings, including schools, include the European Committee of Social Rights and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Much of it seems rather subjective, and I can't entirely avoid the feeling when reading judgments of this kind that the judges are, to put the matter in demotic terms, "just playing with words" or "making it up as they go along". 575 (2003). [182][183] Anecdotal evidence suggests that the caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and that they are just as likely to be caned as boys. Some schools did cane in classrooms or halls or corridors, witnessed by whoever happened to be present. According to an amendment to the Code on Children and Adolescents 1990, "Children and Adolescents are entitled to be educated and cared for without the use of physical punishment or cruel or degrading treatment as forms of correction, discipline, education or any other pretext". [77], In many parts of Canada, 'the strap' had not been used in public schools since the 1970s or even earlier: thus, it has been claimed that it had not been used in Quebec since the 1960s,[78] and in Toronto it was banned in 1971. (5) But the traditional grammar schools, like most of the independent schools, would generally have used the birch until the mid- to late 19th century. As far as I know, this is what the 1986 legislation already said, so perhaps this was just a consolidating act. Web(1) Corporal punishment given by, or on the authority of, a member of staff to a child (a) for whom education is provided at any school, or (b) for whom education is provided, Probably the most frequently used aid to punishment was a chair. Text of England and Wales law banning corporal punishment in all schools When parents or teachers use spanking, it doesnt lead to the desired outcomes in discipline or teach children how to regulate their It campaigned more against unofficial and irregular CP, as in this Aug 1977 report and this May 1978 one, than against CP as a whole. "Pants-down" punishment, not unknown in some private schools, was almost unheard of in the state sector in relatively modern times, especially from the 1960s onwards. It is easier to list the few maverick oddities than to try to summarise the majority: thus, the tawse was specified instead of the cane in a handful of places, including Newcastle, Gateshead, Manchester (which changed over from the cane in 1907), and Walsall. [106] Since 1993, use of corporal punishment by a teacher has been a criminal offence. They are, in chronological order by year of provincial ban:[citation needed], Corporal punishment in China was officially banned after the Communist Revolution in 1949. It depended partly on who was allowed to use the cane: in some places all teachers were permitted to do so, while other schools restricted it to the head and deputy head, or perhaps to senior teachers or heads of department only. Verbatim record of a House of Commons debate on the March 1998 legislation which had the effect of banning corporal punishment in all private schools in England and Wales, CP in state schools having been outlawed 11 years earlier. Some restricted the number of staff permitted to inflict CP, e.g. WebCorporal punishment was common in schools for thousands of years as a punishment for bad behaviour. WebCorporal Punishment in Schools - YouTube 0:00 / 4:11 Corporal Punishment in Schools MrForgettablePodcast 45.2K subscribers Subscribe 1.1K 486K views 7 years ago Please [127], Caning is commonly used by teachers as a punishment in schools. They suggest that student self-governance can be an effective alternative for managing disruptive classroom behaviour, while stressing the importance of adequate training and support for teachers. Attempts to push through local bans in Cardiff (1968) and Liverpool had both collapsed in the face of hostility from head teachers. [25], A number of medical, pediatric or psychological societies have issued statements opposing all forms of corporal punishment in schools, citing such outcomes as poorer academic achievements, increases in antisocial behaviours, injuries to students, and an unwelcoming learning environment. 8 (2006): The right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and or cruel or degrading forms of punishment (articles 1, 28(2), and 37, inter alia)", "Europe-Wide Ban on Corporal Punishment of Children, Recommendation 1666", "Report on Corporal Punishment and Human Rights of Children and Adolescents", "Dilogo, premios y penitencias: cmo poner lmites sin violencia", "En Argentina, del golpe a la convivencia", "Laughter as alumni share stories about getting the cane", "Federal Government rules out return of corporal punishment, after curriculum adviser says it can be 'very effective', "Senator keeps up fight against cane in schools", "Teachers given the cane go-ahead in some Queensland schools", "ACT Schools Authority decides to abolish cane", "Libs push for discipline codes, including corporal punishment, in ACT schools", "The Last Hold-Out Caves: The Slow Death Of Corporal Punishment In Our Schools", "Education and Children's Services Act 2019 - SECT 32", "Last WA school using corporal punishment forced to end practice from next term", "Prohibition of all corporal punishment in Bolivia (2014)", "Brazil Prohibits All Corporal Punishment", "Do our new-found ideas on children maybe explain the fact we can't control them? Spare the Rod (1) Department of Education, Administrative Memorandum 531, 1956 (but this was only a codification of a requirement laid down much earlier). CP in primary schools seems generally to have tailed off rather earlier than in secondary schools: common enough in the early 1950s, it was clearly less so by the end of the 1960s, though it had by no means disappeared everywhere even in the early 1980s, as these punishment-book extracts show. Punishment of this type was used in schools up until 1988/ 90 when it was banned. In Scotland, it was banned in 2000, and in Northern Ireland in 2003. In Manchester it seems to have been left up to individual schools, with a culprit at boys-only establishments such as St Augustines RC being asked to bend over a chair to be strapped, while his opposite number at one of the city's mainstream co-ed schools would often have to hold out his hands, following the Newcastle/Scotland model. [19] Communists in other countries such as Britain took the lead in campaigning against school corporal punishment, which they viewed as a symptom of the decadence of capitalist education systems. Nowadays, it is explicitly prohibited in sections 2.9 and 3.7 of the Education Act 1998,2 amended 2008: "Corporal punishment or other humiliating forms of treatment must not be used. The only rule laid down by central government was that all formal CP was supposed to be recorded in a punishment book.(1). Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health", "Corporal punishment in schools. [88], Some Canadian provinces banned corporal punishment in public schools prior to the national ban in 2004. In 2011 another survey found that half of parents and 19% of students also wanted to bring back the cane. U. L. Rev. Corporal punishment used to be prevalent in schools in many parts of the world, but in recent decades it has been outlawed in 128 countries including all of Europe, most of South America, as well as in Canada, Japan, South Africa, New Zealand and several other countries. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Its physical punishment, spanking , strapping, gym plimsoll, hand or cane on pupils bottoms, sometimes bare bottom. Opinions seem to have differed quite widely; at all events, the national authorities remained unpersuaded that CP for girls should be banned altogether, though one or two LEAs did so, and many others strongly discouraged it. According to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, "Children do not lose their human rights by virtue of passing through the school gates the use of corporal punishment does not respect the inherent dignity of the child nor the strict limits on school discipline". The remainder were spread between those where canings took place every day and those where CP was almost unheard of, with every possible variation in between. [41], Corporal punishment of minors in the United States, According to the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, all forms of corporal punishment in schools are outlawed in 128 countries as of 2016. [44], In Australia, caning used to be common in schools for both boys and girls but has been effectively banned since the late 80's, with the practice gradually abandoned up to a decade earlier as cultural and social norms shifted. CP in girls-only schools was, by all accounts, very rare. The new Sex Discrimination Act generated a certain amount of nonsense in the tabloid press in early 1976, with speculation that girls would thenceforth have to be caned as much as boys. Quite a few primary schools, like quite a few secondary schools (though by no means all), chose to exempt girls entirely from all these kinds of punishment, even where boys received it rather often. Joe The King: 1999 Joe is spanked on his bare bum over his teachers lap in front of his class. In effect she seems to be saying that the Court of Appeal reached the right conclusion but for quite the wrong reasons. Then in 1977/78 came the National Union of School Students, marginally longer-lasting but scarcely any more representative of pupils generally. NASUWT members tended to complain that the NUT was much too dominated by female primary-school teachers who had no experience of the problems facing teaching staff in tough secondary schools. Sit-ups with ears pulled and arms crossed, kneeling, and standing on the bench in the classroom are other forms of punishment used in schools. "[146], Article 89 of the Pakistan Penal Code does not prohibit actions, such as corporal punishment, subject to certain conditions (that no "grievous hurt" be caused, that the act should be done in "good faith", the recipient must be under 12 etc.). Clearly, all the school authorities actually did wrong was to fail to spell out, in their information to prospective parents, that corporal punishment was a possible consequence of misbehaviour -- though I think they might have been forgiven for assuming that anybody who knew anything about anything would have been perfectly well aware that that was an entirely normal practice at boys' independent prep schools at the time. [13], Britain itself outlawed the practice in 1987 for state schools[14][15][16] and more recently, in 1998, for all private schools.[17][18]. An article by one who received school CP in the 1960s: what it was like, and how he feels about it now. [200] Striking the buttocks (or sometimes hands) with a rubber-soled gym shoe, or plimsoll shoe (called slippering), was also widely used in many schools. Others, though, including probably most politicians and "experts", will still defend abolition as the right decision on balance, or at least as inevitable under European human-rights legislation. Certainly, from the late 1970s onwards, it put out plenty of controversial propaganda, especially in the form of letters to local newspapers, but there is some evidence that the real push for abolition within a number of LEAs came rather more from left-wing Labour councillors in collaboration with a far-left ginger group within the National Union of Teachers (NUT) called "Rank and File", with which STOPP's (always small) membership somewhat overlapped. In any case it has now been superseded by the following: Hansard: New clause 21: Corporal punishment (New URL) [118] As recently as December 2012, a high school student died by suicide after having been constantly beaten by his basketball coach. But anti-CP campaigners used to complain that aggrieved parents rarely got a fair hearing in the courts. Corporal punishment in Greek primary schools was banned in 1998, and in secondary schools in 2005. [112] Teachers were not liable to criminal prosecution until 1997, when the rule of law allowing "physical chastisement" was explicitly abolished. [209] In a few English cities, a strap was used instead of the cane. (2) Whoever contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be liable to disciplinary action under the service rules applicable to such person." This important document is the full Law Lords ruling in the case brought by a group of Christian schools against the 1998 legislative ban on corporal punishment in all schools, even private ones. My suspicion that there isn't really a solid consensus about this, and that perhaps an apparent consensus on the final outcome is being fabricated for reasons of political expediency, is strengthened by the fact that one of the judges here, Baroness Hale, goes so far as to say that she is "deeply troubled" by the approach adopted by the Court of Appeal. [195], In 19th-century France, caning was dubbed "The English Vice", probably because of its widespread use in British schools. Legality of corporal punishment of minors in Europe. The Friends Reunited evidence [201], In Scotland, a leather strap, the tawse (sometimes called a belt), administered to the palms of the hands, was universal in state schools,[202][203] but some private schools used the cane. [128][129] The cane is applied on the students' buttocks, calves or palms of the hands in front of the class. A humorous take on how to bend over for the cane, from Terry Deary, "Cruel Crime And Painful Punishment", illustrated by Mike Phillips, in the "Horrible Histories" series, Scholastic Children's Books, London, 2002. Although there was usually less ceremony about it than the cane, the slipper, if wielded sufficiently enthusiastically, could deliver a salutary lesson. Its use by ordinary teachers in grammar schools had been outlawed in 1928. ", "Web linnks: corporal punishment in schools", "Supreme Court takes strap out of teachers' hands", "Corporal Punishment ~ Canada's Human Rights History", "New measures taken in schools to improve teacher-student relations", "Colombia country report - Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children", "Kansakoulun perustamisesta 150 vuotta lukemisen pelttiin laiskistavan", "Lasten ruumiillinen kuritus kiellettiin 30 vuotta sitten viel joka neljs tukistaa", "It's 40 years since corporal punishment got a general boot", http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/country-reports/India.pdf, "Corporal punishment against children and the law", "Teacher suspended over video of beating boy", "15-Year-Old Dies By Suicide After Being Beaten Up By Teacher, Suspended From School", "R.R. [221] It is still common in some schools in the South, and more than 167,000 students were paddled in the 20112012 school year in American public schools. There is no federal law addressing corporal punishment in public or private schools. [citation needed] In late 1987, about 60% of junior high school teachers felt it was necessary, with 7% believing it was necessary in all conditions, 59% believing it should be applied sometimes and 32% disapproving of it in all circumstances; while at elementary (primary) schools, 2% supported it unconditionally, 47% felt it was necessary and 49% disapproved. to the head teacher and those specifically delegated by him or her. WebSchool corporal punishment: The High School Cane: a Eulogy, a thoughtful comment on the cane's usefulness and efficacy in keeping mischievous teenage schoolboys in order, Article 17 states: "(1) No child shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental harassment. A variation on this is described in our article on Sharmans Cross High School in Solihull. [6] It lets school officials stand in for parents as comparable authority figures. [36], According to the AAP, research shows that corporal punishment is less effective than other methods of behaviour management in schools, and "praise, discussions regarding values, and positive role models do more to develop character, respect, and values than does corporal punishment". It is interesting that the judge in that case deprecated caning on the hands and boxing the ears, and said they were "exceedingly dangerous forms of punishment". Corporal punishment in Norwegian schools was strongly restricted in 1889, and was banned outright in 1936. The ILEA had already put a stop to CP in primary schools with effect from 1973. WebNew laws which came into force at midnight allow mild smacking but criminalise any physical punishment which causes visible bruising. (3) Richmond was also unusual in adding that girls, unlike boys, must not be caned at all, though they could be slapped with the open hand. The case concerned two Scottish boys whose parents refused to allow them to be given the belt at school. It is a matter of conjecture how much part the anti-CP organisation STOPP played in causing this snowballing trend. Page updated May 2021, separate article about CP in Scottish schools, going back from caning to birching in 1904, article on Sharmans Cross High School in Solihull, made the slipper their "official" implement, campaigned aggressively in favour of keeping the cane, Children sent to Caribbean for 'basic' schooling, The Cane and the Tawse in Scottish Schools, In Loco Parentis, Corporal Punishment and the Moral Economy of Discipline in English Schools, 1945-1986, R v Secretary of State for Education and Employment and Others, Public schoolboy awarded 8,000 for caning ordeal, Scottish cases helped to ban the beatings, Parents win right to forbid school caning, The Debate on Corporal Punishment before the European Commission and European Court of Human Rights (1978-1998), Hansard: New clause 21: Corporal punishment, Text of England and Wales law banning corporal punishment in all schools, House of Commons: Corporal punishment lawful with parental consent. Some of the rugby shorts seen here probably cover painful "tramlines" acquired during a recent visit to the headmaster's study -- in some cases perhaps voluntarily. It remains commonplace in a number of countries in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East (see list of countries, below). WebExtraordinary records reveal how corporal punishment was meted out in our schools Headmaster only permitted to use a 'thin flexible cane' Youngsters were given smacks Only two LEAs laid down a maximum number of strokes (East Sussex, 3 strokes; Durham, 6 strokes). [166] Other more conservative regions are governed by a national law enacted in 2011 which states that while caning is generally forbidden, it can be used indirectly to maintain school discipline. The case concerned two Scottish boys [3] There is a vast amount of literature on this, in both popular and serious culture. The schools claimed that their "freedom of belief", as protected by human rights legislation, was infringed because it was their Christian belief that naughty children should be spanked. Most had anticipated the legislation and abandoned CP voluntarily several years earlier. Slippering and caning were used to some degree, but the cane here was more likely to be applied, if at all, to the palm of the hand than elsewhere, and would tend to be a shorter and lighter instrument than the 36-inch cane often used at secondary level. In many countries, like Thailand, where the corporal punishment of students is technically illegal, it remains widespread and accepted in practice (for both boys and girls). Some 20% of secondary schools did so in the 1970s, according to informal guesstimates by STOPP. This is the Human Rights Commission's full report on the case of Matthew Prince, who in 1983 at age 15 received four strokes of the cane across the seat of his trousers for bullying at Brighton College, a private school. Also some worthwhile commentary about how attitudes slowly changed after the second world war, and the fluctuating views of the various teachers' trade unions during the 1970s and 1980s debates about abolition. (3) A point of view dating back at least to 1903. In the UK, this is a state high school for boys aged 11 and over. ", "Flashback: Corporal punishment in school was lawful until 1990", "The cane and the strap Hard News Public Address", "Education Act 1989 - New Zealand Legislation", "202C: Assault with weapon - Crimes Act 1961 No 43 as of 18 April 2012 - New Zealand Legislation", "School in corporal punishment spotlight", Corporal punishment of children in Norway, "PAKISTAN: Corporal punishment key reason for school dropouts", Corporal punishment of children in the Russian Federation, "DCI Sierra Leone urges the Government to prohibit: "all corporal punishment of children", "Sierra Leone | Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children", "To hit or not to hit: The use of the cane in schools in Sierra Leone", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: Video clip: Sierra Leone", "WORLD CORPORAL PUNISHMENT WEB LINKS: corporal punishment in schools", "Speech by Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Acting Minister for Education", "Singapore: Corporal punishment in schools", "South African Schools Act, 1996, Chapter 2: Learners, Section 10: Prohibition of corporal punishment", "CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: schoolgirl canings in South Korea", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN SOUTH KOREA", Global Initiative to End Corporal Punishment - Spain State Report, "Changing concepts of Grammar School teacher authority in Sweden 1927-1965", "Corporal punishment of children in Thailand", "WORLD CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: COUNTRY FILES, INCLUDING REGULATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS - page 3: countries T to Z", "In Thailand, Students Take on the Military (and 'Death Eaters')", "Strict discipline at Thai schools by Richard McCully", "Many Thais favour use of cane for unruly youths: poll", "SCHOOL CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: video clips: Thailand 3", "Teacher in hot water for caning students 100 to 300 times", "End pupils' fear of teachers' canes (2018)", http://www.khda.gov.ae/pages/en/commonQuestionssch.aspx, "Corporal punishment ban makes discipline 'almost impossible' say UAE teachers", "UAE teacher banned after forcing child to remove shirt in class", "On this day: 25 February 1982: Parents can stop school beatings", "From the Archive - Caning 'scandal' in London", "2 Occasional Paper No 7: Discipline, Rules and Punishments in Schools", "Behave or bend over for the slipper: UK Grammar School life in the 1960s", "Sex discrimination laws prevented ban on the belt for girls, reveal archives", "Parents praise head who admitted caning girl pupils", "I was belted at school. 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