In 1914, he was baptized a Christian and given the name John Peter which he changed to Johnstone. Handling Dissatisfied Patients I have not been in any situation where a patient or family of a patient was unhappy with my care. [127] Kenyatta socialised at the Student Movement House in Russell Square, which he had joined in the spring of 1934,[128] and befriended Africans in the city. [530] During his imprisonment, Kenyatta read up on Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism through books supplied to him by Stock. [297] In December, Nairobi's Delamere Avenue was renamed Kenyatta Avenue,[298] and a bronze statue of him was erected beside the country's National Assembly. [418] In its manifesto, the KPU stated that it would pursue "truly socialist policies" like the nationalisation of public utilities; it claimed Kenyatta's government "want[ed] to build a capitalist system in the image of Western capitalism but are too embarrassed or dishonest to call it that. The former head of the Presidential Press Service, Lee Njiru, details the chaos and plunder in Jomo Kenyatta's reign, recounts the day when the president slashed him with a sword and the comically tragic power struggles at State House in his book, "President's Press Man". [82] Anger between the two sides had heightened, several churches expelling KCA members from their congregations, and it was widely believed that the January 1930 killing of an American missionary, Hulda Stumpf, had been due to the issue. [197] Kenyatta's gradualist and peaceful approach contrasted with the growth of the Mau Mau Uprising, as armed guerrilla groups began targeting the white minority and members of the Kikuyu community who did not support them. [57] [370] In this way, the land redistribution programs favoured the ruling party's chief constituency. She bore him another child, but later died in childbirth. [436] Journalists were discouraged from reporting on the oathing system, and several were deported when they tried to do so. [179] It was also beset with problems, including a decline in standards and teachers' strikes over non-payment of wages. Jomo married Grace, Wahu Kenyatta in 1942, at age 48. [250], By this point, it was widely accepted that Kenyan independence was inevitable, the British Empire having been dismantled throughout much of Asia and Macmillan having made his "Wind of Change" speech. He upgraded the economic status of the country after independence. She often accompanied him in public, and some streets in Nairobi and Mombasa are named after her. [24] After his baptism, Kenyatta moved out of the mission dormitory and lived with friends. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya. Former First Lady Mama Ngina Kenyatta addresses a congregation at the St. Teresa's Catholic Church in Mpeketoni, Lamu County, on Saturday, February 4, 2023. They had four children: Christine Warnbui (born 1952), Uhuru Kenyatta (born 1963), Anna Nyokabi (also known as Jeni) and Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1964). About this time he married and began to raise a family. Beauttah took Kenyatta to a political meeting in Pumwani, although this led to no firm involvement at the time. [458], In 1977, Kenyatta had several further strokes or heart attacks. [165] They were assisted by Kwame Nkrumah, a Gold Coast (Ghanaian) who arrived in Britain earlier that year. [229] By 1957, the inmates had formed into two rival cliques, with Kenyatta and Itote on one side and the other KAU membersnow calling themselves the "National Democratic Party"on the other. [520] Kenyatta had no racist impulses regarding white Europeans, as can, for instance, be seen through his marriage to a white English woman. [412] He argued that centralised control of the government was needed to deal with the growth in demands for local services and to assist quicker economic development. Over the course of his studies, Kenyatta and Malinowski became close friends. [12], "Missionaries have done a lot of good work because it was through the missionary that many of the Kikuyu got their first education and were able to learn how to read and write Also, the medical side of it: the missionary did very well. After his release he negotiated the constitutional terms of Kenyas independence, and in 1963 he became prime minister of a free Kenya. [126] He then rented a Camden Town flat with his friend Dinah Stock, whom he met at an anti-imperialist rally in Trafalgar Square. [98] Many Africans and members of the African diaspora were attracted to the institution because it offered free education and the opportunity to study in an environment where they were treated with dignity, free from the institutionalised racism present in the U.S. and British Empire. During the ceremony, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburghrepresenting the British monarchyformally handed over control of the country to Kenyatta. [262] He reiterated that he had never supported violence or the illegal oathing system used by the Mau Mau,[263] and denied having ever been a Marxist, stating: "I shall always remain an African Nationalist to the end". [520] Murray-Brown characterized Kenyatta as an "affectionate father" to his children, but one who was frequently absent. [431], In July 1969, Mboyaa prominent and popular Luo KANU politicianwas assassinated by a Kikuyu. The second thing is that nobody is regarded as a slave, everyone is free to do what he or she likes without being hindered. The aged Kenyatta died in office in Nairobi on August 22, 1978. He is the son of Kenya's founding president Jomo Kenyatta. This is the first of a four-part series. [358] Kenyatta was not sympathetic to those leaving: "Kenya's identity as an African country is not going to be altered by the whims and malaises of groups of uncommitted individuals. He successfully stalled plans for the union. [57] Kenyatta had two children from his first marriage with Grace Wahu: son Peter Muigai Kenyatta (born 1920), who later became a deputy minister; and daughter Margaret Kenyatta (born 1928). [240] Kenyatta spent two years in Lodwar. [385], Another priority for Kenyatta's government was improving access to healthcare services. [7] When he was ten, his earlobes were pierced to mark his transition from childhood. [473], "Kenyatta possessed the common touch and great leadership qualities. "[479] This approach was similar to the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda's ideology of "African humanism". Keywords Decolonisation land Majimboism centralisation settlement schemes Type Chapter Information His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. Jomo Kenyatta, original name Kamau Ngengi, (born c. 1894, Ichaweri, British East Africa [now in Kenya]died August 22, 1978, Mombasa, Kenya), African statesman and nationalist, the first prime minister (1963-64) and then the first president (1964-78) of independent Kenya. [63] He initially stayed at the West African Students' Union premises in West London, where he met Ladipo Solanke. Kenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. [193], By 1952, Kenyatta was widely recognized as a national leader, both by his supporters and by his opponents. [462] Britain's heir to the throne, Charles, Prince of Wales, attended the event, a symbol of the value that the British government perceived in its relationship with Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta (1893-1978) alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa Kenya.. Jina lake halisi lilikuwa Johnstone Kamau wa Ngengi.Alipewa jina la utani ambalo ni Mkuki wa Moto (Burning Spear). [120] [176] He also met with Mbiyu Koinange to discuss the future of the Koinange Independent Teachers' College in Githungui, Koinange appointing Kenyatta as its Vice-Principal. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists - ICIJ [10] In keeping with Kikuyu tradition, Wambui then married her late husband's younger brother, Ngengi. [95] In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister (1963-64) and afterwards the first president of independent Kenya (1964-78). "[541] His opinions were "most valued" both by conservative African politicians and by Western leaders. He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation. [248] Resolutions calling for his release were produced at the All-African Peoples' Conferences held in Tunis in 1960 and Cairo in 1961. [193] At its 1951 AGM, more militant African nationalists had taken senior positions and the party officially announced its call for Kenyan independence within three years. Kenyatta established the Kenyan republic within the British Commonwealth, and the capitalist international community poured resources into developing Kenyas infrastructure as a result of its Western alignment during the Cold War. The names of the Kapenguria Six were Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng' Oneko, Kung'u Karumba, and Jomo Kenyata. [242], This indefinite detention was widely interpreted internationally as a reflection of the cruelties of British imperialism. Jomo Kenyatta[a] CGH (c.1897 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. [224], During the appeal process, a prison had been built at Lokitaung, where Kenyatta and the four others were then interned. [492] As leader of Kenya, Kenyatta published two collected volumes of his speeches: Harambee and Suffering Without Bitterness. [73] Kenyatta was strongly influenced by his time in the Soviet Union. Two years ago, President Uhuru Kenyatta's eldest son Jomo Kenyatta with his wife Fiona Achola Ngobi, held their Itara near the monumental homestead. Influenced by his friend George Padmore, he embraced anti-colonialist and Pan-African ideas, co-organising the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester. As a member of the Kikuyu people, he traveled to London in 1929 to protest the British governments recommendation that its East African territories be more closely united at the expense of Kikuyu interests. [40], In April 1922, Kenyatta began working as a stores clerk and meter reader for Cook, who had been appointed water superintendent for Nairobi's municipal council. [61] He also praised the British Empire, stating that: "The first thing [about the Empire] is that all people are governed justly, big or smallequally. He served as Minister of Local Government and Minister of Finance, and in 2013 he was elected as President and later on re-elected in 2017.[10]. [251] In January 1960, the British government made its intention to free Kenya apparent. [187] He was nevertheless aware that to achieve independence, KAU needed the support of other indigenous tribes and ethnic groups. [349], Kenya's agricultural and industrial sectors were dominated by Europeans and its commerce and trade by Asians; one of Kenyatta's most pressing issues was to bring the economy under indigenous control. Their daughter Jane Makena Wambui (also known as Jeni) survived. [80] On his return, his prestige among the Kikuyu was high because of his time spent in Europe. His government comprised members of various ethnic groups in order to calm ethnic tensions. [371] Kenyatta himself expanded the land that he owned around Gatundu. [465], Kenyatta's succession had been an issue of debate since independence,[466] and Kenyatta had not unreservedly nominated a successor. [131], In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia (Abyssinia), incensing Kenyatta and other Africans in London; he became the honorary secretary of the International African Friends of Abyssinia, a group established by Padmore and C. L. R. [500], Assensoh suggested that Kenyatta initially had socialist inclinations but "became a victim of capitalist circumstances";[501] conversely, Savage stated that "Kenyatta's direction was hardly towards the creation of a radical new socialist society",[502] and Ochieng called him "an African capitalist". After eighteen months in Europe, Kenyatta had run out of money. [322] Over the course of 1965 and 1966, several constitutional amendments enhanced the president's power. She is married in Makueni County and little is known about her. [167] Much of the debate that took place centred on whether indigenous Africans should continue pursuing a gradual campaign for independence or whether they should seek the military overthrow of the European imperialists. [136] In response to these activities, the British Colonial Office reopened their file on him, although could not find any evidence that he was engaged in anything sufficiently seditious to warrant prosecution. By Mumbi Mutuko on 27 November 2017 - 2:24 pm. They were impatient and wanted to see effective action. He thought public exposure to Kenyatta prior to elections would make the populace less likely to vote for a man Renison regarded as a violent extremist. On this website, you will get curated stories, antidotes, quotes and features about the first president of Kenya. [72] In the summer of 1929, he left London and traveled by Berlin to Moscow before returning to London in October. He again later changed his name to Jomo in 1938. [115] The book was published under Armstrong's name, although Kenyatta claimed he should have been listed as co-author. [283] KANU opposed Majimbo, believing that it served entrenched interests and denied equal opportunities across Kenya; they also insisted on an elected head of government. [252] It invited representatives of Kenya's anti-colonial movement to discuss the transition at London's Lancaster House. [378] During the 1960s and 1970s the public sector grew faster than the private sector. [544], In 1974, Arnold referred to Kenyatta as "one of the outstanding African leaders now living", someone who had become "synonymous with Kenya". [5], Edna, who died in 1995 at the age of 86, was Kenyatta's second wife. Uhuru Kenyatta Family Tree. Founding President has to look good when his family checks on him inside Parliament grounds. [483] He pursued, according to Maloba, "a conservatism that worked in concert with imperial powers and was distinctly hostile to radical politics". In June 2013, Britain announced it will pay roughly $31. "[101] Kenyatta also visited Siberia, probably as part of an official guided tour. [306] Kenyatta condemned the assassination of the prominent leftist politician, although UK intelligence agencies believed that his own bodyguard had orchestrated the murder. [104] As a result, Comintern disbanded the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, with which both Padmore and Kenyatta were affiliated. Jomo Kenyatta was born Kamau Ngengi in what was then British East Africa sometime in the mid-1890s. [468] As vice president, Moi was sworn in as acting president for a 90-day interim period. [308] In a speech, Kenyatta described it as "the greatest day in Kenya's history and the happiest day in my life. [435] In response to the rise of KPU, Kenyatta had introduced oathing, a Kikuyu cultural tradition in which individuals came to Gatundu to swear their loyalty to him. [23] Accordingly, he was baptized as Johnstone Kamau in August 1914. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [46] Many indigenous Africans resented having to carry kipande identity certificates at all times, being forbidden from growing coffee, and paying taxes without political representation. African exuberance and love of display found perfect expression in Kenyatta's flair alongside the dignity and respect due to 'His Excellency, the President, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta'. [384] Although Kenyatta died without having attained the goal of free, universal primary education in Kenya, the country had made significant advances in that direction, with 85% of Kenyan children in primary education, and within a decade of independence had trained sufficient numbers of indigenous Africans to take over the civil service. However, if I . "[149] Bodil Folke Frederiksen, a scholar of development studies, referred to it as "probably the most well-known and influential African scholarly work of its time",[150] while for fellow scholar Simon Gikandi, it was "one of the major texts in what has come to be known as the invention of tradition in colonial Africa". [138] Featuring an introduction written by Malinowski,[139] the book reflected Kenyatta's desire to use anthropology as a weapon against colonialism. "[550] By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya had gained higher life expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan Africa. Kenyatta left the UK barely two years after Magana was born and returned to Kenya where he married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, Senior Chief Koinange's daughter and sister to Mbiyu Koinange. [446] The December 1969 general electionin which all candidates were from the ruling KANUresulted in Kenyatta's government remaining in power, but many members of his government lost their parliamentary seats to rivals from within the party. Jomo Kenyatta died on August 22, 1978, in Mombasa and was buried on August 31 in Nairobi. Besides the Kenyatta family, whose patriarch was Kenya's founding president, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, the Moi family is ranked among centimillionaires. View M7 Portfolio (final draft).. (1).docx from ARTS AND H SOCI 202 at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. (1 child) Grace Wahu (1919 - ?) [162] He became frustrated by the distance between him and Kenya, telling Edna that he felt "like a general separated by 5000 miles from his troops". [42] Kenyatta lived in the Kilimani neighbourhood of Nairobi,[43] although he financed the construction of a second home at Dagoretti; he referred to this latter hut as the Kinyata Stores for he used it to hold general provisions for the neighborhood. [273] Kenyatta disagreed, insisting the land remain Kenyan,[274] and stated that Somalis in Kenya should "pack up [their] camels and go to Somalia". Jomo Kenyatta's only brother James . Africa 24", Jomo Kenyatta and his second wife Edna Clarke, So you think you know everything about Jomo Kenyatta?. [234] In 1958, Rawson Macharia, the key witness in the state's prosecution of Kenyatta, signed an affidavit swearing that his evidence against Kenyatta had been false; this was widely publicised. [371] Voices began to condemn the redistribution; in 1969, the MP Jean-Marie Seroney censured the sale of historically Nandi lands in the Rift to non-Nandi, describing the settlement schemes as "Kenyatta's colonization of the rift". [447] Over coming years, many other political and intellectual figures considered hostile to Kenyatta's rule were detained or imprisoned, including Seroney, Flomena Chelagat, George Anyona, Martin Shikuku, and Ngg wa Thiong'o. The trio discussed the possibility of merging their three nations (plus Zanzibar) into a single East African Federation, agreeing that this would be accomplished by the end of the year. [208] Many white settlers wanted him exiled, but the government feared this would turn him into a martyr for the anti-colonialist cause. Jomo Kenyatta was the first President and the founding father of the African nation. [177] [111] He also wrote the entry on Kenya for Negro, an anthology edited by Nancy Cunard and published in 1934. [332], Kenyatta's government believed it necessary to cultivate a united Kenyan national culture. [3] One biographer, Jules Archer, suggested he was likely born in 1890,[4] although a fuller analysis by Jeremy Murray-Brown suggested a birth circa 1897 or 1898. [277] He was also aware that the confidence of the white minority would be crucial to securing Western investment in Kenya's economy. [81], In his absence, female genital mutilation (FGM) had become a topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society. In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War. [342], In contrast to his economic policies, Kenyatta publicly claimed he would create a democratic socialist state with an equitable distribution of economic and social development. Nehru's response was supportive, sending a message to Kenya's Indian minority reminding them that they were the guests of the indigenous African population. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. [404] In turn, in 1976 the Israelis warned of a plot by the Palestinian Liberation Army to assassinate him, a threat he took seriously. [410] In the first five years of independence, he consolidated control of the central government,[411] removing the autonomy of Kenya's provinces to prevent the entrenchment of ethnic power bases. [443] In October 1969 the government banned the KPU,[444] and arrested Odinga before putting him under indefinite detainment. For other uses, see, 95 Cambridge Street, London, where Kenyatta resided for much of his time in London; it is now marked by a. [437] Many Kenyans were pressured or forced to swear oaths, something condemned by the country's Christian establishment. . [3], He had one son, Peter Magana Kenyatta (born on August 11, 1944), from his short marriage with Edna Clarke. [392] In December he attended a meeting with Tanzanian and Ugandan representatives to form the East African Economic Community, reflecting Kenyatta's cautious approach toward regional integration. [2] Muigai was sufficiently wealthy that he could afford to keep several wives, each living in a separate nymba (woman's hut). [184] At its June 1947 annual general meeting, KAU's President James Gichuru stepped down and Kenyatta was elected as his replacement. The Kenyatta family has come a long way if you consider that President Uhuru Kenyatta's father once worked as a 'Kanjo', reading water meters for the City Council of Nairobi for Sh250 a month. [43], Kenyatta's interest in politics stemmed from his friendship with James Beauttah, a senior figure in the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). [489] He also faced a contradiction between his internal debates on Kikuyu ethics and belief in tribal identity with his need to create a non-tribalised Kenyan nationalism. In March 1975 Kariuki was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered, and his body was dumped in the Ngong Hills. [375] Kenyatta's government was eager to control the country's trade unions, fearing their ability to disrupt the economy. [550] There had been an expansion in primary, secondary, and higher education, and the country had taken what Maxon called "giant steps" toward achieving its goal of universal primary education for Kenyan children. [161] He continued to give lectures around the country, including to groups of East African soldiers stationed in Britain. [129] To earn money, he worked as one of 250 black extras in the film Sanders of the River, filmed at Shepperton Studios in Autumn 1934. They upset the life of the people. [196] He also insisted that in an independent Kenya, all racial groups would be safeguarded. [395] In reality, his foreign policy was pro-Western and in particular pro-British. While president of the nationalist Kenya African Union, Jomo Kenyatta was sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 1953 in alleged connection with the violent 1952 Mau Mau rebellion. Jomo is the firstborn son of President Kenyatta and his wife gave birth to a baby boy and a baby girl named after their grandparents. Three years later Kenyatta became this organizations general secretary, though he had to give up his municipal job as a consequence. Magana, 76, lived in the United Kingdom with his mother who died in 1995 at the age of 86. [188] This was made difficult by the fact that many Maasai and Luotribes traditionally hostile to the Kikuyuregarded him as an advocate of Kikuyu dominance. [272] A key issue facing Kenya was a border dispute in North East Province, alongside Somalia. His annual memorial is marked this week, but was turned into a family only affair last year. ", Kenyatta in the Labour Monthly, November 1933[87], In May 1931, Kenyatta and Parmenas Mockerie sailed for Britain, intent on representing the KCA at a Joint Committee of Parliament on the future of East Africa. Husband of Ann Wanyoro Muigai; Private; Private; Esther Njoki Muigai; Private and 1 other. [399] Commentators argued that Britain's relationship with Kenyatta's Kenya was a neo-colonial one, with the British having exchanged their position of political power for one of influence. [318] Kenya therefore became a de facto one-party state. [223] The appeals process resumed in October 1953, and in January 1954 the Supreme Court upheld the convictions against all but Oneko. [542] On becoming Kenya's leader, his anti-communist positions gained favour in the West,[543] and some pro-Western governments gave him awards; in 1965 he, for instance, received medals from both Pope PaulVI and from the South Korean government. 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