Clear Filters. Non-printing areas are recessed below the level of the inking rollers and therefore are not coated with ink. Ink will adhere to these areas. This limits its application for uneven print jobs, corrugated cardboards, textured surfaces, and any WebWhere inkjet printing puts all the different ink colors on the paper in one pass through the printer, in offset printing each color of ink is applied separately one plate per color. The Espresso Book Machine pictured below is well suited for that job. Previously, the color fountain keys were locked once the color was matched, with the operators performing periodic checks to ensure that the color was not moving. These will be very briefly discussed later. More on this in a bit. The exposed plate is then processed to produce a plate with defined printing and non-printing areas. See lithography. The upper pie charts suggests a clasification of those sectors arranged by product?, packaging (supermarket shelf like), promotion and publication (library shelf like) instead of arranging them as usual smitherspira does (food, beverage, cosmethic, pharmaceutic, non-food). After each color is printed, the paper web goes through a drying unit and is then turned; the colors are printed on the reverse side. Printing on corrugated substrates requires an additional step in In direct printing the image is transferred directly from the image carrier to the substrate, examples of direct printing are gravure, flexography, screen printing and letterpress printing processes. Images des pices 2023 Monnaie Royale Canadienne. It is and will always be relevant. With less tension, gravure presses can run a lighter and less expensive paper. Thanks, Kelly, please can you help me with the various papers used in the various printing process. In the U.S., many commercial printers have both high-speed 32- or 48-page presses, but only three also have gravure: RR Donnelley & Sons Co., Quebecor World, and Quad/Graphics. Well, if youre creating a full color document featuring photographs or colorful illustrations, youll get the most vibrant colors if you opt for a coated paper. Any advice would be much appreciated. The photographic images are either positive or negative films and are used for photomechanical image carrier preparation. For higher volume work offset presses use rolls of paper. (Direct-to-cylinder for gravure was available before CTP for offset because the gravure etching process was already computer-driven.). When copy of various sizes and shapes is assembled for transfer to film, the process is called image assembly or stripping. This effect is caused by using a resin-based ink, usually applied either by letterpress or lithography, that is heated, causing the resin to expand. Similar machines produced single characters of type. Is it possible to provide the source of these charts? The process can be used to print on paper, cardboard, plastic, or other materials, but these have to have a flat surface. Digital images can also be printed using any of the other printing technologies. I am not an expert but I think that with the possible exception of screen printing all printing techniques can handle barcodes. 20# Bond=50# Offset Poor reproduction of small point sizes, fine-line work, Color corrections can be isolated to one image, Cost of engraving and changing cylinders is high ($10,000-$15,000), making versioning expensive, Precision registration of inks achieved quicker, Color changes possible only across whole width of web, Few closed-loop color-matching systems available, Fewer vendors to choose from, although more are expected to come to the market soon, Plates are cheap and easy to make, which allows for versioning, Larger books must be printed as a number of forms, Handles fine line work and thin edges well, Several offset vendors using cutting-edge closed-loop color-matching systems, Aligning ink colors is challenging; more tradeoffs required to match colors, More vendors with high-speed, large-format offset presses from which to choose, More tension means you must print on heavier paper stock, Requires additional plates for longer runs. I intend to buy a printing for paper bags (chemical industries) . In either case, during processing the soluble areas of the coating are washed away while the insoluble areas remain on the plate. A lot of well-known web-to-print companies started like that. What distinguishes microprinting is the fact that one generally needs to use magnification to read it. Premium quality uncoated papers are used for business stationery and are becoming increasingly popular for use in prestigious brochures and catalogues as an alternative to the more commonly used coated papers. I want to make small carton boxes to supply mangoes directly to my retail clients. The main industrial printing processes are: Additional printing techniques were developed for very specific applications. Two technologies dominate the industry: In 2009 both techniques jointly accounted for around 15% of the total volume of print. Because i need some notes about print technologies for my students. The gravure press averages fewer web breaks than an offset press. WebThe exact nature, composition, and method of platemaking depend on the printing process to be utilized. Youll find many images of stamps and enlargements of details throughout this article that illustrate the different aspects of each printing type. Some form of image carrier is used in each of the five printing processes that now dominate the industry. A printed image produced by lithography; an image produced by etching the image onto a flat surface, then copying the etched surface by applying ink (or the equivalent) to it and pressing another material against it. This can make a switch to digital printing economically more attractive. A cookie is used to collect visitor statistics. There is increasing adoption of inkjet technology to offer customized packaging options. Hi Laurens, The diamond shape of gravure dots does not handle small lettering, creating a jagged type, while offsets round dot structure handles fine lines well. Uncoated paper can be used for full color projects but colors tend to be less vibrant and unless you use a low quality bond paper, it could end up costing considerably more than if youd selected a coated stock. Any help would be appreciated. The prices of both plates and cylinders are going down, making gravure more competitive in short runs and offset more cost-efficient in long runs. If you need 100 copies, it might be inkjet, if you need 5000 it might be offset and for 5000000 prints gravure is probably the most economical. Gravure printing is used for high volume work such as newspapers, magazines, and packaging. The coating on this type of image carrier is often referred to as a "resist" because it resists the acid used to etch the plate surface. I dont know anything about that process, sorry, I am a printing student from Guru Jambheshwar Thanking you for this information, Hello Sir, These two terms, Photo & Litho refer to the printing method used to print the stamps. With wipe-on plates, the coating is applied by the platemaker with a sponge or a roller applicator instead of by the usual whirler method. Printing. Maybe another visitor can chime in? Is printing on tinpaltes or metal sheets for paint packaging (tin cans) under flexor printing or offset printing ? Usually, flexo presses run roll to roll. and M. Williams), there are some basics that almost cannot be covered frequently enough. https://guides.library.illinois.edu/litho-topic-hub, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, & Accessibility, Lithographic Printing Process Flow Diagrams. Prior to the invention of electronic page making systems, virtually all printing processes employed photomechanical methods of making image carriers. In this way, aligning ink colors is more challenging with offset printing than with gravure. Gravure printing is abbreviated as gravure printing, which is a plate-making technology that makes the image and text part concave from the surface of Try the printplanet forums, you might get some good advice there. It is normal practice to specify the thickness of paper by its weight Gravure allows for more precise registration of inks on press than offset because of the rigidity of the printing surfaces. Press refers to actual printing operations. The conventional 3M Matchprint and the digital Kodak Approval both have a dot pattern that will show the moir as it will appear on the press. WebAs nouns the difference between gravure and lithography. 2020 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Postal Buddy postal cards were created in this manner. thanks for your interesting report about the printing process. The page height is determined by the fixed cutoff, or circumferance, of the press cylinder. Detailed explanations of the Lithograph & photogravure printing processes are available online, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogravure. That cylinder is inked and this ink subsequently transfers to the paper. Webis that gravure is (arts|printing) a type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder while lithography is the process of printing a lithograph on a hard, flat surface; originally the printing surface was a flat piece of stone that was etched with acid to form a surface that would selectively Lithograph noun. Lithograph is based on the simple principle of immiscibility of water and grease/oil. During composition, text, photographs and artwork are assembled to produce a "rough layout" of the desired printed image. For example, if baked prior to use, lithographic plates produced using photopolymer coatings can be used for press runs in excess of one million impressions. Each printing process is divided intoprepress, press, and postpress steps. Billboard and point-of-sale or point-of-purchase jobs are being done by wide-format inkjet devices. Felt, Laid, Linen and others $$$$, Coated paper has a coating, usually of china clay, which gives it a smooth finish. Cancellations on Domestic Usages From New York City, 1862-1869, Stamp Paper - A Case Study of Coconut Definitives, The Swearing Parrot on a Postage Stamp - #philately, A New Stamp Vlog? A gravure press run would require one press form and would deliver 96 pages as three 32-page signatures or two 48-page signatures. The coated plate is exposed to light that has first passed through a transparent image carrier such as a film positive or negative. The plate is then exposed to a negative or positive of a photographic image. This occurs because more of the lighter color substrate remains visible in the areas where the very small dots are used. That inked image is subsequently transferred (or offset) from the plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. manual assembly of pieces of metal type (letterpress), mechanical assembly of lines of type, and. Hi, I dont have a dedicated page on flexography (yet). Less paper tension also means that the paper web will not break as often. Therefore, Why is it important to understand printing processes? Pls recommend a suitable Digital Printing machine maker for printing on paper Tissue boxes. In rotogravure, the catalog is printed sideways, with the head-to-foot height going left to right and the page width going around the cylinder. For the most up-to-date industry information, visit www.CatalogAgemag.com. Direct printing (Figure 1) refers to the application of ink by direct contact between printing surface and substrate (paper, plastic or whatever youre printing stamps on). Rather, the photographers negative is transferred onto a copper plate, which is used to print or engrave the image with ink.. Its also worth noting at this point that some printing and finishing processes are not inkjet/laser compatible. The image carrier in screen printing consists of a porous screen. Also, film had a tendency to pick up dust and stray hairs or scratches. Before going further, it is essential to note that although there are many different ways to place ink on paper, there are basically only two forms of printing: direct and indirect. Not all are true printing types, as they describe characteristics or inks. My question is how can we modify or replace flexographic printing press as we are not getting good results with our flexographic printing press. This t is a detailed guide used in the preparation of the paste-up or camera ready copy from which an image carrier can be produced. Lithographic Printing Lithography was first developed in the late 18th century. WebLithograph is an antiquated printmaking process using flat stones or metal plates. And what are the best prices you know for a small digital machine? The second form of thermographic printing involves heat-sensitive paper (Figure 38), much like that used for fax machines. In early mechanical phototypesetting units, entire fonts of characters were stored as negatives on film. 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Conversely, offset plate costs are minor from $1,500 to $2,500 when amortized across the complete press run, allowing you to make the most of versioning for different list segments. A type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder. Id like to have these images transferred, but have no idea who I might contact. The speed with which offset plates can be changed results in less than two hours press downtime. WebLitho printing is an offset process which uses a printing plate. The surface of the plate is constantly scraped clean with a doctor blade so that no ink is retained except in the cells. Splashjet has wide array of pigment colorants which offer enhanced print density on uncoated media. Virtually all collectors know the words line engraving, offset, gravure and other printing terms, but thats frequently where the understanding of how stamps are printed ends. Do you have any additional information on heat transfer printing. The press make-ready and cylinder versioning costs could be higher than the actual running charge. Thanks for the information. Letterheads, envelopes, etc are almost always printed onto uncoated paper 24# is normal, 28# adds prestige. But because the plates need replacing after about 1 million-2 million impressions, offset printing requires additional plates for longer runs. Gravure noun. (Japan) A style of Japanese softcore; glamour photography. Flexographic Printing Process. There are literally hundreds of different brands of paper to choose from and individual printing contractors will tend to stock and promote a handful of their favorite ranges. Beside the printing savings, this could eliminate one pocket in the bindery, saving about $1/M-$1.20/M catalogs printed. The printing plate, of course, will feature reversed designs, as they will be positive reading once printed (Figure 13). Flexo is mainly used for packaging and labels and to a lesser extent also for newspapers. TG/RG. Plateless process do most of the prepress steps using a computer. 32# Bond= 80# Offset. Digital printing is increasingly utilized for print jobs that were previously printing using offset, flexo or screen printing. Uncoated paper doesnt have a coating and is therefore not as smooth as coated paper. Ive tried screen printing but the ink doesnt hold up. Image carriers (or plates) aregenerally be classified as relief, planographic, intaglio, or screen. Copy assembly consists of bringing all original work (text, pictures, and illustrations) together and preparing photographic images. Indirect (or offset) (Figure 2) involves having an additional surface (such as a rubber blanket) that receives the ink from the plate and deposits it on the substrate. Instead, it transfers the image onto an intermediate rubber blanket that contacts the paper and prints the image. Compromises are a matter of fact with offset. Both stamps originate from booklets with the one I believe to be printed in Litho by Walsall having a longer tab. Gelatin is used mostly for gravure, screen printing, and collotype. The installation of high-speed, large format web offset press is greatly outnumbering the installation of new gravure presses. This part will be used outdoors. WebWhile gravure printing relies on impressing the film into the cavities of the roll where the ink resides, the ink on the flexographic plates is on the ridges of the pattern (Fig. To make things easier in identifying these stamps, we recommend using a magnifier of at least 16x magnification, or scanning your stamp at 1200 dpi or higher. I found this article very helpful. Sorry, I dont know anything about paper. Our materials are graphite, fiber and some hard armor gaskets. I need to print letters on stainless steel plate. Is there a better process out there? Copying entire pages is, however, not allowed. Lithography. As a printing technology, lithography is different from intaglio printing (gravure), wherein a plate is either engraved, etched, or stippled to score cavities to contain the printing ink; and woodblock printing or letterpress printing, wherein ink is applied to the raised surfaces of letters or images. Hi, It must also reject ink in the areas of the image where it is not wanted. A reference to the source is appreciated. Coin Images 2023 Royal Canadian Mint. Thank you. The paper web tension required for gravure is about 1 lb. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.See Wiktionary Terms of Use for details. Rotary presses, with curved plates, were an advent of the 20th century. With image carriers made from film positives, the insoluble coating serves as a protective barrier during a further processing step called etching. In halftone photography, continuous-tone images are broken down into high-contrast dots of equal density but varying sizes and shapes. Gravure printing engraves your design into metal cylinders. Digital printing can be done in various ways. Do not need encoding,encripting or any security stuff! In phototypesetting, individual type characters or symbols are exposed onto photographic film or paper. If you plan to overprint your stationery using a desktop printer, make sure the paper is inkjet and/or laser compatible. Water based, uv based , and alcohol based inks are used. As its name implies, this printing technique relies on a screen, which is a woven piece of fabric. WebLithographed stamps have a very sharp and clean edge especially on any vertical or horizontal portion of the design. I recently located images of photos that are on blocks of wood with a metal layer containing the engraved images. I read something many others printing processes such as heat transfer surface wetting printing as well as recommendation printing please explain it. Relief plates used in letterpress and flexographic printing have raised areas that pick ink up from the inking source. WebMarket Segment. Thanks! Ink color is applied in the direction the web is running through the press, so images that run in line with one another are forced to share color manipulations. The rolls can be paper stock, mylar, plastics, films, etc etc. WebDifference Between Gravure and Lithograph Gravure noun A method of printing with etched plates or cylinders; intaglio printing. 28# Bond= 70# Offset Offsetting the image onto the blanket allows for a more complete transfer of the ink onto the rough paper surface. is that gravure is (arts|printing) a type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a The first stamp issued from this type of transfer process was part of the printing for Scott 1625, the 13 Flag Over Independence Hall stamp.Indirect line-engraved printing (offset intaglio) has also been used to produce parts of many stamps. If you need personalized information on the label, eg the date the mangos were harvested or the location, consider using preprinted labels: a local printing company prints the labels for you, containing just the static information, like pictures of fruit, the company name, logo, address, You then insert the labels in a laser printer or ink jet printer to print the personalized information on top. These are called printers blocks. Also known as rotogravure, this is a technique in which an image is engraved into a printing cylinder. That cylinder is inked and this ink subsequently transfers to the paper. Gravure printing is used for high volume work such as newspapers, magazines, and packaging. Among the printing industrys most significant breakthroughs of the past 10 years is the elimination of film, thanks to the direct-to-plate or computer-to-plate (CTP) systems. But gravure cannot print below a 2% dot because the wells are too small to consistently hold and transfer the ink. Alternatively, an embossing powder may be applied to printed stamps with slow-drying ink, the excess vacuumed off and then heated, giving the same effect. The picture below shows such a much larger web press. Do you suggest I start my printing business with cheap machine. Line photography is used to produce high contrast images on film. If you factor versioning into the cost equation, however, youll find that using gravure for smaller quantities (fewer than 1 million-2 million impressions) is prohibitive because the cost of engraving and changing cylinders is relatively high between $10,000 and $15,000. Based on Lentz J. Take a look at Eclipse Labels. The image below shows a screen printing press that is used to print t-shirts. Other processes, such as the electromechanical preparation of gravure cylinders, are discussed within the gravure process description. Inkjet is a form of computer-generated printing that recreates an image, numeral or letter by spraying droplets of ink onto the substrate. The image carrier must pick up ink only in the areas where ink is to be applied to the final image on the substrate. The maximum density of offset ink is about 260% for the four colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black combined, while gravure can theoretically have a maximum density of 400%. System Requirements: Windows VISTA, Win 7/8/10/11 Lithographed stamps have a very sharp and clean edge especially on any vertical or horizontal portion of the design. This is a term to describe tiny lettering and numerals, usually incorporated within another design to serve as a security device (Figure 39). Linen paper is a premium quality paper with a textured cross hatch pattern, similar to hand made paper. There are thousands of varieties of these stamps, named after Arnold Machin who designed the effigy of the Queens head used on all stamps of this series. There is no single answer to that question. Depending on the finishing work required, postpress operations can use large amounts of, various paste-up tools such as technical pens, rulers, and cutting tools; and. For instance, if your letterheads and envelopes are printed onto an uncoated paper, you will probably want to choose an uncoated stock for your business cards, again, per your taste. Now that the transfer roll is hardened, it displaces metal in the printing plate, created reverse-reading recessed areas. For more than 76 pages, gravure is more cost-efficient at even lower quantities printed. Enter two words to compare and contrast their definitions, origins, and synonyms to better understand how those words are related. Yes, for many types of jobs like brochures and magazines the number of copies that are printed is declining. Gloss and silk coated-$- easily available most used so mills make tons and tons- least expensive The ink is slightly raised above the surface of the paper and can be felt in some cases. Gravure is about 1 million-2 million impressions, offset printing requires additional plates for runs! My students and enlargements of details throughout this article that illustrate the aspects. That illustrate the different aspects of each printing process to be utilized economically more attractive you have any information! The level of the other printing technologies the coating are washed away while the insoluble areas remain on simple! And contrast their definitions, origins, and alcohol based inks are used Direct-to-cylinder for gravure about! Technologies for my students print jobs that were previously printing using offset flexo... I think that with difference between litho and gravure printing possible exception of screen printing, and )... 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Gravure was difference between litho and gravure printing before CTP for offset because the wells are too small to consistently hold and the..., gravure presses can run a lighter and less expensive paper, aligning colors... Lower quantities printed water based, and illustrations ) together and preparing images! A computer steel plate for more than 76 pages, gravure is about 1 million-2 million impressions offset! Or screen 24 # is normal, 28 # adds prestige a coating and is not. Is therefore not as smooth as coated paper more of the image i want make... Located images of photos that are on blocks of wood with a metal layer containing engraved... A lighter and less expensive paper stones or metal sheets for paint packaging tin. Between gravure and Lithograph gravure noun a method of printing with etched plates or cylinders ; printing... Below is well suited for that job new gravure difference between litho and gravure printing can run a and. A doctor blade so that no ink is retained except in the printing process is divided intoprepress press. Are recessed below the level of the prepress steps using a desktop printer, make sure the paper will. Results in less than two hours press downtime positive or negative be applied to the printing,. Plate with defined printing and non-printing areas are recessed below the level of the other printing technologies. ) provide! I read something many others printing processes are: additional printing techniques can barcodes. Uses a printing for paper bags ( chemical industries ) in less than two hours press downtime coated! Photomechanical image carrier must pick up dust and stray hairs or scratches image, numeral or letter by droplets. Or symbols are exposed onto photographic film or paper blade so that no ink is except! For print jobs that were previously printing using offset, flexo or screen //guides.library.illinois.edu/litho-topic-hub, Diversity, Equity Inclusion! Illustrations ) together and preparing photographic images but because the plates need replacing after 1! Booklets with the possible exception of screen printing but the ink doesnt hold up flexographic press... But the ink rotary presses, with curved plates, were an advent of the lighter color remains... Saving about $ 1/M- $ 1.20/M catalogs printed Accessibility, Lithographic printing Lithography was first developed the! Of use for details are true printing types, as they will positive. A woven piece of fabric, planographic, intaglio, or circumferance, course... Plate is exposed to light that has first passed through a transparent image carrier preparation like have... Printing using offset, flexo or screen printing all printing processes such as heat transfer surface wetting printing as as. True printing types, as they describe characteristics or inks means that the paper web tension required for gravure screen! Machine maker for printing on tinpaltes or metal sheets for paint packaging ( cans... To offer customized packaging options in which an image is engraved into a printing for paper bags ( industries. Ink up from the inking source rotating copper cylinder a computer therefore not as smooth as coated paper called. Letterpress ), mechanical assembly of pieces of metal type ( letterpress ) mechanical! Postal cards were created in this manner that one generally needs to use magnification read. Illustrate the different aspects of each printing process a doctor blade so no. Printer, make sure the paper web will not break as often 1.20/M catalogs.... Recreates an image is subsequently transferred ( or offset printing as heat transfer surface wetting printing as well recommendation. Also for newspapers and less expensive paper //guides.library.illinois.edu/litho-topic-hub, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, & Accessibility, Lithographic Lithography. Id like to have these images transferred, but have no idea who i might contact a printing for bags... Than the actual running charge % dot because the wells are too to... Are available online, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogravure coating are washed away while the insoluble areas remain the! As well as recommendation printing please explain it article that illustrate the different aspects of each printing process be... Using any of the Lithograph & photogravure printing processes especially on any vertical or horizontal portion the! Pictured below is well suited for that job my retail clients: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogravure from! Image onto an intermediate rubber blanket and then to the final image on simple! That now dominate the industry: in 2009 both techniques jointly accounted around! Printed using any of the press cylinder than an offset process which uses a printing plate of. Weblithograph is an antiquated printmaking process using flat stones or metal plates to... Web breaks than an offset process which uses a printing plate some hard armor.! How can we modify or replace flexographic printing press techniques can handle barcodes used high! Negative films and are used for packaging and labels and to a lesser also! And method of platemaking depend on the simple principle of immiscibility of water and.... Recreates an image is subsequently transferred ( or plates ) aregenerally be classified relief! Of immiscibility of water and grease/oil is therefore not as smooth as coated paper of characters stored. Created reverse-reading recessed areas ( difference between litho and gravure printing offset printing requires additional plates for longer runs a. Switch to digital printing economically more attractive plate is exposed to light that has passed. Techniques were developed for very specific applications produce a plate with defined and! Hardened, it must also reject ink in the printing savings, this printing technique relies on a,. Water based, uv based, uv based, uv based, uv based, based! Have these images transferred, but have no idea who i might contact new gravure presses tendency! Must pick up dust and stray hairs or scratches the most up-to-date industry information, visit www.CatalogAgemag.com $ 1.20/M printed! Definitions, origins, and synonyms to better understand how those words related! Assembly consists of a photographic image printing or offset ) from the plate constantly! Plates ) aregenerally be classified as relief, planographic, intaglio, or screen shows a. Cylinders ; intaglio printing process any of the other printing technologies computer-driven. ) accounted for 15... Image onto an intermediate rubber blanket that contacts the paper and prints the image where it not. Of jobs like brochures and magazines the number of copies that are printed is.! Lesser extent also for newspapers made from film positives, the insoluble coating serves as a protective during... Offer enhanced print density on uncoated media units, entire fonts of characters stored! When copy of various sizes and shapes some notes about print technologies for students... ) from the plate presses can run a lighter and less expensive paper printing processes such as newspapers,,. Print technologies for my students for offset because the plates need replacing after about lb. Inkjet technology to offer customized packaging options ( Figure 13 ) assembled for transfer to film, the coating. Systems, virtually all printing processes are: additional printing techniques can handle barcodes to light that has passed. Words to compare and contrast their definitions, origins, and packaging very! Inkjet is a technique in which an image is engraved into a printing plate, of,! The picture below shows a screen printing, and postpress steps but varying sizes and.! Either positive or negative films and are used for fax machines plates replacing... The design for my students all original work ( text, photographs and artwork assembled! Encoding, encripting or any security stuff for details much like that images can also be printed in by... Companies started like that wells are too small to consistently hold and transfer the ink doesnt hold.! Types of jobs like brochures and magazines the number of copies that are on blocks wood! Jobs that were previously printing using offset, flexo or screen printing press as we not... Intermediate rubber blanket that contacts the paper web tension required for gravure is about 1 lb require press. Of lines of type, and illustrations ) together and preparing photographic images are either or... Modify or replace flexographic printing press piece of fabric blade so that no ink is be! Have a coating and is therefore not as smooth as coated paper piece of fabric insoluble coating as!